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[[文件:UI interest groups.png|thumb|一个利益集团,简要 | [[文件:UI interest groups.png|thumb|一个利益集团,简要 介绍 其领导人、意识形态和特征以及政治地位。|链接=Special:FilePath/UI_interest_groups.png]] | ||
利益集团是一群支持某些观点并想要使国家向这个方向改革的人的集合,所有人或从属于某个利益集团或处于 {{图标|politically inactive}} 政治冷漠,而具体的利益集团倾向取决于多重因素,例如资质、{{图标|money|21px}}财富和{{图标|literacy}}识字率等。不同人所属的利益集团取决于不同的标准,利益集团的具体观点也会随着当地宗教、社会运动和领导人的修正在不同国家间变化。值得一提的是,人群的不同个体可能支持任何一个利益集团,使得该群体支持所有的利益集团(尽管在支持人数上有差异) | 利益集团是一群支持某些观点并想要使国家向这个方向改革的人的集合,所有人或从属于某个利益集团或处于 {{图标|politically inactive}} 政治冷漠,而具体的利益集团倾向取决于多重因素,例如资质、{{图标|money|21px}}财富和{{图标|literacy}}识字率等。不同人所属的利益集团取决于不同的标准,利益集团的具体观点也会随着当地宗教、社会运动和领导人的修正在不同国家间变化。值得一提的是,人群的不同个体可能支持任何一个利益集团,使得该群体支持所有的利益集团(尽管在支持人数上有差异) | ||
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==== 扶植和打压==== | ==== 扶植和打压==== | ||
除非国家已经颁布 {{iconify|Guaranteed Liberties|law|保障自由}}, it can {{iconify|''bolster''|IG}} or {{iconify|''suppress''|IG}} interest groups, increasing or decreasing that groups attraction by some amount, as determined by its [[Human rights laws#Free Speech|Free Speech law]]. | |||
=== 势力 === | === 势力 === |
2024年2月22日 (四) 12:20的最新版本
利益集团是一群支持某些观点并想要使国家向这个方向改革的人的集合,所有人或从属于某个利益集团或处于 政治冷漠,而具体的利益集团倾向取决于多重因素,例如资质、财富和识字率等。不同人所属的利益集团取决于不同的标准,利益集团的具体观点也会随着当地宗教、社会运动和领导人的修正在不同国家间变化。值得一提的是,人群的不同个体可能支持任何一个利益集团,使得该群体支持所有的利益集团(尽管在支持人数上有差异)
基础利益集团
利益集团系统是维多利亚三的核心玩法之一。游戏中共有八种利益集团,以及一个额外的政治冷漠:
一国内利益集团的名字会随着各自的情况变化,如暹罗的虔信者 被称作小乘佛教僧侣,日本的军队被称作
意识形态
- 主条目:意识形态
利益集团包含一系列的意识形态,这些意识形态决定了他们所支持和反对施行的法律——利益集团通常偏爱那些契合他们信念和使他们受益的法律。
不同的利益集团有不同的意识形态(例如地主明显比工会更加保守),但是这些并不是被定死的。利益集团的意识形态也会随着游戏的进程和领导人个人的偏好与意识形态而变化。
此外,一些利益集团在特定国家内会有独特的意识形态,例如支持儒家思想的 大清儒生利益集团。
利益集团的默认意识形态设置如下:
注: 利益集团的意识形态可能因国家或法律而异。例如, 如果该国允许奴隶制,地主将获得(无法识别“蓄奴主义者”,请查阅Template:概念)意识形态。
领袖意识形态
每个利益集团都被一个政治家领导,他们的个人主张影响着这个利益集团的立场和观点。这有时会使一个利益集团支持与其基础观点不同甚至完全相反的意识形态。
政治力量
人群中的个体会为他们所支持的利益集团或政治运动贡献政治力量,一个个体贡献的政治力量受到多个因素的影响而修正,其中的主要因素包括人群的财富和本国权利结构所赋予的政治地位(或投票权)。例如,在寡头制国家内,一个富裕的 贵族 的政治力量是一个贫穷的 劳工 的成百上千倍。
有些人群没有任何政治力量,这通常由于本国法律剥夺了他们的政治权力(例如人群的文化或宗教受到歧视,或妇女没有投票权)。他们“被排除于权利系统之外”,无法通过加入利益集团等正常方式要求改革,不得不依靠政治运动向政府施压。
吸引力
利益集团对人群存在一个吸引力权重,处于某个利益集团的人群可以为其提供政治力量。利益集团对人群的吸引取决于该人群的宗教、文化、是否受歧视、识字率、失业情况和职业,因此有的人不会进入特定的利益集团。利益集团对人群的吸引情况如下表:
军队 |
虔信者 |
实业家 | 知识分子 | 地主 | 小市民 | 乡村民众 | 工会 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Requirements | One of: Pop is not discriminated Pop's profession is Aristocrats, Officers, or Servicemen |
Pop follows the state's religion | Country must be centralized | Pop's 识字率 is over 25% Country must be centralized |
Pop has primary culture Pop is employed in Manufacturing, Service, Urban Facilities, or Government |
Pop is employed in Agriculture, Ranching, or Plantations | Pop is not employed in Agriculture, Ranching, or Plantations Country must be centralized | |
Base Weight | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 50 | 50 |
Other Weight Effects | +25 if not discriminated | −2 per 10% Literacy over 50% except Clergymen | +10 if Literacy ≥ 50% +2 per 10% Literacy over 50% |
Final weight multiplied by:
| ||||
职业 | ||||||||
学者 | +200 | |||||||
贵族 | +50 | +50 | +50 | +200 | ||||
官僚 | +100 | |||||||
资本家 | +200 | +50 | ||||||
教士 | +200 | +50 | +100 | |||||
职员 | +100 | +50 | ||||||
工程师 | +50 | |||||||
农民 | +50 | +200 | ||||||
劳工 | +50 | |||||||
技工 | +100 | |||||||
军官 | +200 | +50 | ||||||
自给农 | +50 | +200 | ||||||
军人 | +100 | |||||||
店主 | +50 | +200 | ||||||
奴隶 |
扶植和打压
除非国家已经颁布 保障自由, it can bolster or suppress interest groups, increasing or decreasing that groups attraction by some amount, as determined by its Free Speech law.
势力
一个利益集团内所有人群的政治力量之为这个利益集团提供势力——这决定了利益集团在国内和政府中的clout – the amount of political weight it can assert on the country and the government. 利益集团的势力等于集团内政治力量与全国政治力量的百分比。例如,如果全国人群的政治力量为100k而实业家 的政治力量为30k,他们的势力即为30%。
Clout determines the interest group's classification within their country – whether they are considered powerful, influential, or marginalized.
An interest group becomes marginalized if their clout drops below 4%, unless they are in government. They become influential again if it increases above 5%.
Similarly, a interest group becomes powerful if their clout rises above 20%, and influential again if it drops below 18%.
支持度
- 参见:政治运动
Source | Approval |
---|---|
Law Stances | |
Strongly Approves | +2 |
Approves | +1 |
Disapproves | −1 |
Strongly Disapproves | −2 |
Law Changes | |
One step | ±5 |
Two steps | ±10 |
Three or more steps | ±20 |
Pop political strength | |
Each ~6% loyalist | +1 |
Each ~6% radical | −1 |
Interest groups have a level of approval, which has two main sources: stances on laws, and pop loyalists and radicals. Other factors may affect approval as well, such as the player's choices in certain events. Total approval is capped between −20 and +20.
Each interest group and its leader's ideologies set its stance towards various laws from on a five-point scale, from Strongly Disapprove (−2) to Strongly Approve (+2). Approval from laws is the sum of all stances, capped at ±5.
In addition to the stance on enacted laws, proposed and recent law changes have an increased effect on an interest group's approval. A change which moves one step along their stance scale adds ±5, two steps adds ±10, and three or more steps adds ±20. This effect is added throughout the proposed change, and when a law is fully enacted, it remains and decays over five years. Cancelling the proposed law change immediately removes this effect. The effect of law changes on approval is not directly capped and can stack when changing several laws in a short time.
The percentage of pops supporting an interest group which are loyalists or radicals also affects approval, up to ±15 if all of the pops are loyalists or radicals. The actual approval effect is determined by the percentage of pop political strength, if more political strength comes from loyalist pops, it is positive; otherwise if more comes from radicals, it is negative. This scaled by the relative amount, for example if two-thirds (66%) is loyalist and one-third (33%) radicals, the approval effect is +5 as the loyalists provide +10 which is offset by the radicals' −5.
Government and military wages affect certain interest groups by ±1 for each step above or below normal wages. Government wages affect Intelligentsia and Petite Bourgeoisie approval, and military wages affect Armed Forces approval.
If a group is powerful and in opposition, their approval drops by −1.
Finally, there are many events, especially surrounding law changes, that add temporary approval modifiers to various interest groups.
效果
If an interest group's approval is −10 or less, they are Angry. They cannot be added to the government, but do not leave it if they're already in it. They also contribute their clout to the radicalization of any movement they support, possibly starting a revolution.
From −9 to −5, a group is Unhappy, activating their negative trait.
From −4 to +4, a group is Neutral, providing no special effect.
From +5 to +9, a group is Happy, activating their first positive trait. They also stop backing any movements.
At +10 or above, a group is Loyal, activating their second positive trait.
特质
Each group has three traits associated with it, one negative, and two positive. If group's approval is −5 or less, their negative trait is active. Approval of at least +5 activates their first positive trait, and +10 or more activates both of their positive traits.
Traits of a powerful group are twice as powerful, while marginalized groups cannot activate their traits at all.
利益集团 | 愤怒特质(支持度≤5) | 满意特质(支持度≥5) | 忠诚特质(支持度≥10) |
---|---|---|---|
地主 | |||
小市民 | |||
乡村民众 | |||
实业家 | |||
知识分子 | |||
工会 |
部分国家拥有特殊特质
利益集团 | 特质 | 条件 |
---|---|---|
国教是新教 替换多子多孙 | ||
国教是印度教、大乘佛教或上座部佛教 替换多子多孙 | ||
志愿劳动 | 国教是锡克教 替换多子多孙 | |
世俗授权 | 国教是格鲁派 替换多子多孙 | |
最好的复仇 | 国教是犹太教 替换全套特质 | |
叶史瓦 | ||
意第绪传统 | ||
天皇氏 | 国教是神道教 替换全套特质 | |
世俗神社理论 | ||
废佛毁释 | ||
达瓦 | 国教是逊尼派或什叶派 替换多子多孙 | |
沙里亚法 | 国教是逊尼派或什叶派,不是(无法识别“土耳其”,请查阅Template:国旗新) 替换君权神授 | |
奥斯曼民事法典 | 是(无法识别“奥斯曼帝国”,请查阅Template:国旗新) 替换君权神授 | |
本地上任 | 是 大清 替换全套特质 | |
新生军队 | ||
自强 | ||
生命冲力 | 是 法兰西,或有法兰西主流文化 替换爱国热情 | |
好老大 | 主流文化属西语圈、欧洲传承,不属伊比利亚 | |
长官统治 | 启用DLC rp1_content,是 巴西 替换File:IG trait materiel waste.png.png物资浪费与老兵咨询 | |
军人俱乐部 |
执政和在野
Interest groups which are not marginalized are either in government or in opposition.
An interest group in government contributes its clout to the success chance of passing the laws they support, and to the stall chance of the laws they oppose. Proposing law changes usually requires an interest group in government which supports that law as well. Interest groups in opposition don't contribute their clout directly; however, unless they are happy or loyal, they may start a movement opposing a law change or demanding that a law be passed. By adding their clout to movement support, they can still affect the chance of success or stall.
合法性
- 主条目:合法性
Legitimacy represents how well a government can function based on popular support for the ruling interest groups and how well those groups can work together. Legitimacy is strongly affected by Governance Principles and Distribution of Power laws. Legitimacy is increased by including high clout interest groups and high vote parties in government and decreased by having too many interest groups or parties, or groups which are too ideologically opposed in government. More autocratic forms of government also gain legitimacy by including the ruler's preferred interest group in government.
改革政府
Government can be reformed at any time by adding or removing interest groups. Any group in opposition can be added freely, but removing a group in government radicalizes 25% of its members. In countries with voting, elections provide an opportunity to reform the government without angering interest groups' members – the first reform within six months of a finished election does not radicalize members of groups removed from government.
There is a quick reform option which presents the three highest legitimacy options available, but note that this does not include the current government nor does it take radicalization from removing interest groups into account.
政党
- 主条目:政党
Countries with voting and elections also have political parties, alliances of interest groups with similar concerns. Parties count as a single group for the purposes of legitimacy, and so allow more interest groups to be added to the government without penalty. However, in order to add or remove a party from government, all of its member interest groups must be added or removed together. There is no penalty for leaving an interest group out when it wants to join a party, except that it is impossible to reform government while a party is "split" this way, without unifying the party in government or in opposition.
Parties gain additional strength from votes of the last election. Pops do not vote for interest groups directly but rather for political parties, therefore interest groups that do not join a party miss out on a large amount of potential political strength.
政党吸引力
Interest groups update their party affiliations at the beginning of each election campaign and join the party they have the highest attraction towards, discounting parties that do not meet the requirements to exist or that the interest group is otherwise prohibited from joining. All Interest Groups have a base attraction of −5 towards all political parties and must have a final attraction of at least +1 in order to join a party. If an interest group does not have positive attraction towards any valid party, then it does not join any party or participate in the current election.
Below is a partial list of each interest group's attraction factors towards political parties as well as which other interest groups share those same factors. These tables only take typical core ideologies into account; leader ideologies in particular can greatly affect an interest group's party attraction. See Political party for a full list of all possible attraction factors.