贸易：修订间差异

2023年2月23日 (四) 23:22的版本

贸易是商品通过商业贸易在两个市场中的流动。在Victoria 3中，贸易发生在两个国家市场之间（而不是企业或国家之间）。贸易有很多好处，比如允许一个国家获得一种商品，这种商品在自己的市场上很贵，但在另一个市场上又便宜又丰富。又或者，一个国家可能会寻求将一种商品出口到另一个市场，提高该商品在当地的价格，从而允许生产该商品的建筑提高盈利能力并雇佣更多的员工（该国可能会根据其法律对其征税）。贸易通过贸易中心进行，这些建筑以类似城镇中心的方式在各地区自动建立。玩家无法直接控制其市场，但可以通过多种方式影响市场，包括关税、禁运、贸易路线和贸易协定。

贸易路线

贸易通过贸易路线进行，由玩家或控制其它国家的AI创建。贸易路线可以是出口路线，也可以是进口路线。每条贸易路线只交易一种商品。每条贸易线路从1级开始，每周缓慢的增长或者收缩，这取决于路线的盈利能力和其他因素。路线的盈利能力计算如下：

商品作为贸易路线的主体，有购买价格和销售价格。
- 购买价格是根据出口市场上的商品价格（如果没有出口货物的贸易路线）与包括所有贸易的价格之间的平均值计算的。
- 在进口市场，销售价格的计算方法与此类似。
- 然后通过添加关税的成本来修改这些价格，这些关税是根据商品的基础价格（而不是其市场价格）计算的。
盈利能力是购买价格和销售价格之间的差额。

注意：因为关税是根据商品的基础价格而不是市场价格征收的，这会不成比例地影响高交易量、低价值的交易（如煤炭或木材等基础资源）。随着商品交易量的增加，销售价格和购买价格之间的差距越来越大。因此，关税会越来越减少利润，直到停止增长贸易路线水平或甚至降低贸易路线水平更有利可图为止。对昂贵、低贸易量商品的贸易不太可能受到关税的影响，因为它们不太可能在另一个市场显得过度生产且更便宜。

每条贸易路线消耗20行政力维持，除非这两个国家签订了贸易协议。此外，非相邻市场之间的贸易路线需要商船，商船数量取决于商品的种类、贸易路线水平以及贸易港口之间的距离。

关税同盟

一个国家与另一个国家进行贸易的另一种方式是加入他们的关税同盟，从而参与他们的国家市场。一个国家可以通过外交行动或者作为另一个国家的附属国加入关税同盟。这样做的结果是次级成员的市场不再存在，价格取决于关税同盟所有参与者的买卖订单。此外，连接入大市场不需要贸易路线，从而腾出商船用于与他国进行贸易。然而，一个国家的市场接入度取决于与市场中心的联系，如果该国距离较远，且市场领导者没有足够的商船来确保100%的市场接入度，则可能会对经济造成破坏。此外，过去在你和你加入的市场所在国之间的贸易路线上的贸易中心不再需要，这可能导致失业率上升和收入减少。

贸易中心

贸易中心代表了你的国家的经济中负责促进与其他国家贸易的部分。货物不会自动从一个地方运输到另一个地方；它们必须被购买、装船和移动（以及随之而来的相关盈利机会）。贸易中心也必须配备人员，并通常是私人拥有的，这会为那里的工作人员提供财富和工资。然后，利润可以按照与其他建筑和人群相同的方式征税，这取决于你的法律。贸易中心更可能出现在市场中心和有港口的地区。

禁运

As a nation does not require permission to establish a trade route, to discourage trade (for example to protect a small, but growing local industry) a nation must use other methods, the most important being tariffs and embargoes. Embargoes are created by an ongoing diplomatic action that severely limits the amount of goods that may be bought or sold by another country. However, they are not absolute as smugglers and other groups may still seek to profit despite the wishes of the state.

Tariffs

Instead of outright banning trade, tariffs can be used to make trading in certain goods unprofitable, thereby reducing the amount of goods bought or sold. Tariffs are a tax levied on all goods being traded, adding funds to the nation’s treasury whilst also making that good less profitable to trade. Tariffs are set independently for each individual good, and can be set to No Priority, Prioritize Imports, or Prioritize Exports. For example, a nation may remove import tariffs and raise export tariffs on artillery and weapons to ensure prices are low and enough goods are available for your army, whilst raising import tariffs and removing export tariffs on furniture to keep prices higher, allowing those factories to remain profitable while remaining at full employment.

A country's ability to influence tariff levels depends on its Trade Policy law, which changes the effect of each tariff setting. With the No Priority setting, Protectionism has a 10% tariffs on both imports and exports, and Mercantilism has 15% tariffs on imports and 5% tariffs on exports. Changing to Prioritize Imports or Prioritize Exports removes the tariff on that type of route and doubles the tariff on the other type. With the Free Trade law, no tariffs are collected, and with Isolationism, no trade routes are allowed.

Treaty ports

Treaty ports are a method for a nation to bypass any embargoes or tariffs a nation may impose. Treaty ports are gained through diplomatic plays. A country who gains a treaty port in another nation may bypass any tariffs or embargoes in a market adjacent to the treaty port. This is an option for stronger nations to gain access to other markets.

References

Dev diary 54 Dev diary 38

@@ 第1行： / 第1行： @@
 {{Version|pre-release}}
-Trade is movement of goods between two markets through commercial transactions. In Victoria 3, trade occurs between national markets (not between businesses or nations). Trade has many benefits, such as allowing a nation to gain access to a good which is expensive in its own market, but cheap and plentiful in another. Alternatively, a nation may seek to export a good to another market, increasing the price of that good locally allowing buildings producing it to increase their profitability and hire more employees (which may then be taxed by the country depending on its laws). Trade is facilitated through trade centers, which are automatically built in states in a similar way as urban centers. The player does not have direct control over their market, but can instead influence it through several ways including tariffs, embargoes, trade routes, and agreements.
+贸易是商品通过商业贸易在两个市场中的流动。在Victoria 3 中，贸易发生在两个国家市场之间（而不是企业或国家之间）。贸易有很多好处，比如允许一个国家获得一种商品，这种商品在自己的市场上很贵，但在另一个市场上又便宜又丰富。又或者，一个国家可能会寻求将一种商品出口到另一个市场，提高该商品在当地的价格，从而允许生产该商品的建筑提高盈利能力并雇佣更多的员工（该国可能会根据其法律对其征税）。贸易通过贸易中心进行，这些建筑以类似城镇中心的方式在各地区自动建立。玩家无法直接控制其市场，但可以通过多种方式影响市场，包括关税、禁运、贸易路线和贸易协定。
-== Trade routes ==
+== 贸易路线 ==
-Trade is conducted through trade routes, created by either the player or the AIs running the other nations. A trade route may be either an export route or an import route. Each route trades in one good only. Each trade route starts at level 1 and slowly grows or shrinks on a weekly basis, depending in the route’s profitability and other factors. The profitability of a route is calculated as follows:
+贸易通过贸易路线进行，由玩家或控制其它国家的AI创建。贸易路线可以是出口路线，也可以是进口路线。每条贸易路线只交易一种商品。每条贸易线路从1级开始，每周缓慢的增长或者收缩，这取决于路线的盈利能力和其他因素。路线的盈利能力计算如下：
-* The good being the subject of a trade route has a ''purchase price'' and a ''sale price''.
+* 商品作为贸易路线的主体，有'' 购买价格'' 和'' 销售价格'' 。
-** The ''purchase price'' is calculated from the average between the price of the good in the export market if there were no trade route exporting the good and the price including all the trades.
+** 购买价格是根据出口市场上的商品价格（如果没有出口货物的贸易路线）与包括所有贸易的价格之间的平均值计算的。
-** The ''sale price'' is calculated in a similar way in the importing market.
+** 在进口市场，销售价格的计算方法与此类似。
-** These prices are then modified by adding the cost of any tariffs, which are calculated against the base price of a good (not its market price).
+** 然后通过添加关税的成本来修改这些价格，这些关税是根据商品的基础价格（而不是其市场价格）计算的。
-* The profitability is the difference between the purchase price and the sale price.
+* 盈利能力是购买价格和销售价格之间的差额。
-''Note:'' As tariffs are levied on the base price of a good, not its market price, this has the effect of disproportionally affecting high volume, low value trades (such as those for base resources such as coal or wood). As the volume of goods traded increases, the difference between the sale price and purchase price gets closer and closer. Therefore, tariffs reduces the profit more and more until it is more profitable to stop growing the trade route level or even to reduce it. Tariffs on expensive, low trade volume goods are less likely to be affected by tariffs as they are less likely to be significantly overproduced and cheaper in another market.
+'' 注意'' ：因为关税是根据商品的'''基础价格'''而不是'''市场价格'''征收的，这会不成比例地影响高交易量、低价值的交易（如煤炭或木材等基础资源）。随着商品交易量的增加，销售价格和购买价格之间的差距越来越大。因此，关税会越来越减少利润，直到停止增长贸易路线水平或甚至降低贸易路线水平更有利可图为止。对昂贵、低贸易量商品的贸易不太可能受到关税的影响，因为它们不太可能在另一个市场显得过度生产且更便宜。
-Each trade route costs {{图标|bureaucracy|22px}} 20 bureaucracy to maintain, unless the two countries have a [[Diplomatic_action#Pacts|trade agreement pact]]. Additionally, trade routes between non-adjacent markets require convoys, with the amount of convoys dependent on the type of good, level of the trade route, and distance between trade ports.
+每条贸易路线消耗{{图标|bureaucracy|22px}}20 行政力维持，除非这两个国家签订了[[Diplomatic_action#Pacts| 贸易协议]] 。此外，非相邻市场之间的贸易路线需要商船，商船数量取决于商品的种类、贸易路线水平以及贸易港口之间的距离。
-== Customs unions ==
+== 关税同盟 ==
-Another way a nation may trade with another is through joining their customs union thereby participating in their national market. A nation may join a customs union through a diplomatic action or due to being a subject of the other nation. The effect of this is that the junior member’s market ceases to exist and prices are set depending on the sell and buy orders of all participants in the customs union. Additionally, trade routes are not required to access the larger market, freeing up convoys to be used to trade with others. However, the market access of a state is then determined by its connection to the market capital, which may cause disruptions to an economy if it is far away and the market leader does not have enough convoys to ensure 100% market access. Additionally, trade centers that used to profit on trade routes between yourself and the country whose market you have joined are no longer required, potentially leading to higher unemployment and less revenue.
+一个国家与另一个国家进行贸易的另一种方式是加入他们的关税同盟，从而参与他们的国家市场。一个国家可以通过外交行动或者作为另一个国家的附属国加入关税同盟。这样做的结果是次级成员的市场不再存在，价格取决于关税同盟所有参与者的买卖订单。此外，连接入大市场不需要贸易路线，从而腾出商船用于与他国进行贸易。然而，一个国家的市场接入度取决于与市场中心的联系，如果该国距离较远，且市场领导者没有足够的商船来确保100% 的市场接入度，则可能会对经济造成破坏。此外，过去在你和你加入的市场所在国之间的贸易路线上的贸易中心不再需要，这可能导致失业率上升和收入减少。
-== Trade centers ==
+== 贸易中心 ==
-Trade centers represent the section of your economy facilitating trade with another country. Goods are not automatically transported from one place to another; they must be bought, shipped and moved (with the associated opportunities for profit that comes along with this). Trade centers must also be staffed and are usually privately owned, generating wealth and wages for the pops that work there. The profit can then be taxed in the same way as other buildings and pops are, depending on the laws of your country. Trade centres are more likely to appear in market capitals and states with ports.
+贸易中心代表了你的国家的经济中负责促进与其他国家贸易的部分。货物不会自动从一个地方运输到另一个地方；它们必须被购买、装船和移动（以及随之而来的相关盈利机会）。贸易中心也必须配备人员，并通常是私人拥有的，这会为那里的工作人员提供财富和工资。然后，利润可以按照与其他建筑和人群相同的方式征税，这取决于你的法律。贸易中心更可能出现在市场中心和有港口的地区。
-== Embargoes ==
+== 禁运 ==
 As a nation does not require permission to establish a trade route, to discourage trade (for example to protect a small, but growing local industry) a nation must use other methods, the most important being tariffs and embargoes. Embargoes are created by an ongoing diplomatic action that severely limits the amount of goods that may be bought or sold by another country. However, they are not absolute as smugglers and other groups may still seek to profit despite the wishes of the state.