利益集团

An interest group with a short summary of: its leader, their ideologies and traits, and its political status.

利益集团是一群支持某些观点并想要使国家向这个方向改革的人的集合，所有人或从属于某个利益集团或处于 政治冷漠，而具体的利益集团倾向取决于多重因素，例如资质、财富和识字率等。不同人所属的利益集团取决于不同的标准，利益集团的具体观点也会随着当地宗教、社会运动和领导人的修正在不同国家间变化。值得一提的是，人群的不同个体可能支持任何一个利益集团，使得该群体支持所有的利益集团（尽管在支持人数上有差异）

基础利益集团 

利益集团系统是维多利亚三的核心玩法之一。游戏中共有八种利益集团，以及一个额外的政治冷漠：

• 地主
• 虔信者
• 军队
• 小市民
• 实业家
• 乡村民众
• 知识分子
• 工会
• 政治冷漠

一国内利益集团的名字会随着各自的情况变化，如暹罗的虔信者 被称作小乘佛教僧侣，日本的军队被称作武士（Samurai），俄罗斯的 地主 则被称为缙绅会议（Gentry Assembly）。

意识形态

主条目：意识形态

利益集团包含一系列的意识形态，这些意识形态决定了他们所支持和反对施行的法律——利益集团通常偏爱那些契合他们信念和使他们受益的法律。

不同的利益集团有不同的意识形态（例如地主 明显比工会更加保守），但是这些并不是被定死的。利益集团的意识形态也会随着游戏的进程和领导人个人的偏好与意识形态而变化。

此外，一些利益集团在特定国家内会有独特的意识形态，such as the Confucian Scholars interest group in 中国 Qing China who support a Confucian ideology.

The default ideology setup for the interest groups are as follows:

利益集团	地主	虔信者	军队	小市民	知识分子	实业家	乡村民众	工会
基础意识形态	家长式主义者 阶层主义者	道德主义者 虔信徒	沙文主义者 效忠派	精英主义者 反动主义者	农本主义者 孤立主义者 特殊主义者	个人主义者 自由放任主义者 财阀主义者	反教权主义者 自由主义者 共和主义者	平等主义者 平民主义者 无产阶级主义者
	父权主义者		爱国主义者				废奴主义者

Note: Interest groups' ideologies may differ based on country or law. For example, landowners gain the Pro-Slavery ideology, if Slavery is allowed in the country.

领袖意识形态

每个利益集团都被一个 政治家领导，他们的个人主张影响着这个利益集团的立场和观点。这有时会使一个利益集团支持与其基础观点不同甚至完全相反的意识形态。

政治力量

人群中的个体会为他们所支持的利益集团或政治运动贡献政治力量，一个个体贡献的政治力量受到多个因素的影响而修正，其中的主要因素包括人群的财富和本国权利结构所赋予的政治地位（或投票权）。例如，在寡头制国家内，一个富裕的 贵族 的政治力量是一个贫穷的 劳工 的成百上千倍。

有些人群没有任何政治力量，这通常由于本国法律剥夺了他们的政治权力（例如人群的文化或宗教受到歧视，或妇女没有投票权）。他们“被排除于权利系统之外”，无法通过加入利益集团等正常方式要求改革，不得不依靠政治运动向政府施压。

吸引力

利益集团对人群存在一个吸引力权重，处于某个利益集团的人群可以为其提供政治力量。利益集团对人群的吸引取决于该人群的宗教、文化、是否受歧视、识字率、失业情况和职业，因此有的人不会进入特定的利益集团。利益集团对人群的吸引情况如下表：

	军队	虔信者	实业家	知识分子	地主	小市民	乡村民众	工会
Requirements	One of: Pop is not discriminated Pop's profession is Aristocrats, Officers, or Servicemen	Pop follows the state's religion	Country must be centralized	Pop's 识字率 is over 25% Country must be centralized		Pop has primary culture Pop is employed in Manufacturing, Service, Urban Facilities, or Government	Pop is employed in Agriculture, Ranching, or Plantations	Pop is not employed in Agriculture, Ranching, or Plantations Country must be centralized
Base Weight	0	25	0	0	0	75	50	50
Other Weight Effects	+25 if not discriminated	−2 per 10% Literacy over 50% except Clergymen		+10 if Literacy ≥ 50% +2 per 10% Literacy over 50%				Final weight multiplied by: x0.5 if not Egalitarianism x0.5 if not Labor Movement
职业
学者				+200
贵族	+50	+50		+50	+200
官僚				+100
资本家			+200	+50
教士		+200			+50		+100
职员				+100		+50
工程师			+50
农民					+50		+200
劳工								+50
Machinists								+100
Officers	+200				+50
自给农		+50					+200
Servicemen	+100
店主			+50			+200
奴隶

扶植和打压

Unless the country has enacted  保障自由, it can  bolster or  suppress interest groups, increasing or decreasing that groups attraction by some amount, as determined by its Free Speech law.

势力

一个利益集团内所有人群的政治力量之为这个利益集团提供势力——这决定了利益集团在国内和政府中的clout – the amount of political weight it can assert on the country and the government. 利益集团的势力等于集团内政治力量与全国政治力量的百分比。例如，如果全国人群的政治力量为100k而实业家 的政治力量为30k，他们的势力即为30%。

Clout determines the interest group's classification within their country – whether they are considered powerful, influential, or marginalized.

An interest group becomes marginalized if their clout drops below 4%, unless they are in government. They become influential again if it increases above 5%.

Similarly, a interest group becomes powerful if their clout rises above 20%, and influential again if it drops below 18%.

支持度

参见：政治运动

Summary of Approval Sources

Source	Approval
Law Stances
Strongly Approves	+2
Approves	+1
Disapproves	−1
Strongly Disapproves	−2
Law Changes
One step	±5
Two steps	±10
Three or more steps	±20
Pop political strength
Each ~6% loyalist	+1
Each ~6% radical	−1

Interest groups have a level of approval, which has two main sources: stances on laws, and pop loyalists and radicals. Other factors may affect approval as well, such as the player's choices in certain events. Total approval is capped between −20 and +20.

Each interest group and its leader's ideologies set its stance towards various laws from on a five-point scale, from Strongly Disapprove (−2) to Strongly Approve (+2). Approval from laws is the sum of all stances, capped at ±5.

In addition to the stance on enacted laws, proposed and recent law changes have an increased effect on an interest group's approval. A change which moves one step along their stance scale adds ±5, two steps adds ±10, and three or more steps adds ±20. This effect is added throughout the proposed change, and when a law is fully enacted, it remains and decays over five years. Cancelling the proposed law change immediately removes this effect. The effect of law changes on approval is not directly capped and can stack when changing several laws in a short time.

The percentage of pops supporting an interest group which are loyalists or radicals also affects approval, up to ±15 if all of the pops are loyalists or radicals. The actual approval effect is determined by the percentage of pop political strength, if more political strength comes from loyalist pops, it is positive; otherwise if more comes from radicals, it is negative. This scaled by the relative amount, for example if two-thirds (66%) is loyalist and one-third (33%) radicals, the approval effect is +5 as the loyalists provide +10 which is offset by the radicals' −5.

Government and military wages affect certain interest groups by ±1 for each step above or below normal wages. Government wages affect Intelligentsia and Petite Bourgeoisie approval, and military wages affect Armed Forces approval.

If a group is powerful and in opposition, their approval drops by −1.

Finally, there are many events, especially surrounding law changes, that add temporary approval modifiers to various interest groups.

效果

If an interest group's approval is −10 or less, they are Angry. They cannot be added to the government, but do not leave it if they're already in it. They also contribute their clout to the radicalization of any movement they support, possibly starting a revolution.

From −9 to −5, a group is Unhappy, activating their negative trait.

From −4 to +4, a group is Neutral, providing no special effect.

From +5 to +9, a group is Happy, activating their first positive trait. They also stop backing any movements.

At +10 or above, a group is Loyal, activating their second positive trait.

特质

Each group has three traits associated with it, one negative, and two positive. If group's approval is −5 or less, their negative trait is active. Approval of at least +5 activates their first positive trait, and +10 or more activates both of their positive traits.

Traits of a powerful group are twice as powerful, while marginalized groups cannot activate their traits at all.

Interest group	Unhappy trait (approval ≤5)	Happy trait (approval ≥5)	Loyal trait (approval ≥10)
军队	Material Waste +25% Military goods cost	Veteran Consultation −10% Military technology cost	Patriotic Fervor +15% Unit defense +15% Unit offense
虔信者	Pious Fiction −10% State education access	Divine Right +10% Authority	Be Fruitful and Multiply +2.5% Birth rate
实业家	Tax Avoidance −10% Manufacturing tax	Engines of Progress −10% Production technology cost	Job Creators +10% Capitalist investment pool contribution
知识分子	Social Criticism −10% Prestige	Avant-garde −10% Society technology cost	Propagandists +25% State migration pull
地主	Noble Privileges −10% Agriculture, ranching, plantations tax	Family Ties +10% Influence	Noblesse Oblige +10% Aristocrat investment pool contribution
小市民	Xenophobia −10% Influence +100% Radicals from discrimination	Middle Managers +10% Bureaucracy	Treasury Bonds −10% Loan interest rate
乡村民众	Old Ways −10% Tech spread	Honest Work +10% Agriculture, ranching, logging throughput	Farmer's Markets +10% Infrastructure
工会	Work-to-rule −15% Construction Efficiency	Industrial Organizers +10% Manufacturing throughput	Solidarity +10% Workforce ratio

执政和在野

Interest groups which are not  marginalized are either  in government or  in opposition.

An interest group in government contributes its clout to the success chance of passing the laws they support, and to the stall chance of the laws they oppose. Proposing law changes usually requires an interest group in government which supports that law as well. Interest groups in opposition don't contribute their clout directly; however, unless they are happy or loyal, they may start a movement opposing a law change or demanding that a law be passed. By adding their clout to movement support, they can still affect the chance of success or stall.

合法性 

主条目：合法性

Legitimacy represents how well a government can function based on popular support for the ruling interest groups and how well those groups can work together. Legitimacy is strongly affected by Governance Principles and Distribution of Power laws. Legitimacy is increased by including high clout interest groups and high vote parties in government and decreased by having too many interest groups or parties, or groups which are too ideologically opposed in government. More autocratic forms of government also gain legitimacy by including the ruler's preferred interest group in government.

改革政府

Government can be reformed at any time by adding or removing interest groups. Any group in opposition can be added freely, but removing a group in government radicalizes 25% of its members. In countries with voting, elections provide an opportunity to reform the government without angering interest groups' members – the first reform within six months of a finished election does not radicalize members of groups removed from government.

There is a quick reform option which presents the three highest legitimacy options available, but note that this does not include the current government nor does it take radicalization from removing interest groups into account.

政党 

主条目：政党

Countries with voting and elections also have political parties, alliances of interest groups with similar concerns. Parties count as a single group for the purposes of legitimacy, and so allow more interest groups to be added to the government without penalty. However, in order to add or remove a party from government, all of its member interest groups must be added or removed together. There is no penalty for leaving an interest group out when it wants to join a party, except that it is impossible to reform government while a party is "split" this way, without unifying the party in government or in opposition.

Parties gain additional strength from votes of the last election. Pops do not vote for interest groups directly but rather for political parties, therefore interest groups that do not join a party miss out on a large amount of potential political strength.

政党吸引力

Interest groups update their party affiliations at the beginning of each election campaign and join the party they have the highest attraction towards, discounting parties that do not meet the requirements to exist or that the interest group is otherwise prohibited from joining. All Interest Groups have a base attraction of −5 towards all political parties and must have a final attraction of at least +1 in order to join a party. If an interest group does not have positive attraction towards any valid party, then it does not join any party or participate in the current election.

Below is a partial list of each interest group's attraction factors towards political parties as well as which other interest groups share those same factors. These tables only take typical core ideologies into account; leader ideologies in particular can greatly affect an interest group's party attraction. See Political party for a full list of all possible attraction factors.

Armed Forces Party Attraction

Condition	Attraction	Shared With
Inherent to ideology	+5 Conservative, +4 Fascist	Petite Bourgeoisie
Is Powerful	+10 Military
Country has Peasant Levies	+6 Agrarian, +3 Anarchist	Rural Folk
Country does not have Per-Capita Taxation, Proportional Taxation or Graduated Taxation	+3 Communist, +3 Fascist, +3 Social Democrat
Country has Guaranteed Liberties	+2 Conservative	Petite Bourgeoisie
Researched Law Enforcement and country has No Police	+3 Conservative, +3 Fascist, +3 Military	Petite Bourgeoisie, Landowners
Country does not have Per-Capita Taxation, Proportional Taxation or Graduated Taxation	+3 Military	Trade Unions
Country has Consumption-Based Taxation	+3 Social Democrat

Devout Party Attraction

Condition	Attraction	Shared With
Inherent to ideology	+5 Conservative	Landowners
Is Powerful	+10 Religious
Country has Public Schools	+2 Conservative	Industrialists
Country has Total Separation	+5 Conservative
Country has Freedom of Conscience	+3 Conservative
Country has Women's Suffrage	+3 Conservative, +3 Religious	Landowners
Country has Women in the Workplace	+2 Conservative	Landowners
Researched Law Enforcement, Country has Right of Assembly or Protected Speech	+3 Conservative	Landowners
Country does not have Monarchy or Theocracy	+3 Conservative	Landowners
Country has Theocracy	+5 Religious

Industrialists Party Attraction

Condition	Attraction	Shared With
Inherent to ideology	+5 Free Trade
Inherent to ideology	+5 Liberal	Intelligentsia
Is Powerful	+10 Free Trade
Country has Serfdom	+10 Agrarian, +5 Anarchist, +5 Communist, +5 Liberal, +3 Radical, +5 Social Democrat	Intelligentsia, Rural Folk, Trade Unions
Country has Universal Suffrage	+5 Conservative	Landowners
Country has Graduated Taxation	+2 Conservative	Landowners
Country has Public Health Insurance	+2 Conservative
Country has Public Schools	+2 Conservative	Devout
Country has Regulatory Bodies or Worker's Protections	+5 Conservative, +5 Free Trade	Landowners
Country has Wage Subsidies or Old Age Pension	+5 Conservative, +5 Free Trade	Landowners
Country does not have Child Labor Allowed	+3 Free Trade
Country does not have Free Trade	+3 Free Trade
Country does not have Oligarchy or Wealth Voting	+3 Free Trade
Researched Currency Standards, country does not have Per-Capita Taxation or Consumption-Based Taxation	+3 Free Trade	Petite Bourgeoisie
Country has Graduated Taxation	+3 Free Trade	Landowners, Petite Bourgeoisie
Researched Central Planning, country has Command Economy	+3 Free Trade	Landowners, Rural Folk
Researched Academia, country has No Schools or Religious Schools	+3 Free Trade	Intelligentsia
Country has No Schools or Religious Schools	+3 Liberal, +3 Social Democrat	Trade Unions

Intelligentsia Party Attraction

Condition	Attraction	Shared With
Inherent to ideology	+5 Liberal, -15 Religious
Inherent to ideology	+5 Liberal	Industrialists
Country primary culture has Scandinavian Heritage	+10 Agrarian	Rural Folk
Country has Local Police Force or Militarized Police Force	+6 Agrarian	Rural Folk
Country has Serfdom	+10 Agrarian, +5 Anarchist, +5 Communist, +5 Liberal, +3 Radical, +5 Social Democrat	Industrialists, Rural Folk, Trade Unions
Country has Debt Slavery	+10 Agrarian
Country has Outlawed Dissent	+3 Anarchist, +3 Liberal, +6 Radical, +3 Social Democrat	Trade Unions
Country has State Religion	+3 Anarchist, +3 Communist, +3 Liberal
Country has Slave Trade or Legacy Slavaery	+5 Anarchist, +5 Communist, +3 Radical
Country has Monarchy or Theocracy	+3 Anarchist, +3 Communist, +3 Liberal, +10 Radical, +3 Social Democrat	Trade Unions
Country has Autocracy	+3 Free Trade
Researched Academia, country has No Schools or Religious Schools	+3 Free Trade	Industrialists
Country has Hereditary Bureaucrats	+3 Liberal	Petite Bourgeoisie
Country has Legal Guardianship	+3 Liberal	Trade Unions
Country has Ethnostate, National Supremacy or Racial Segregation	+3 Liberal
Country has Local Police Force or Militarized Police Force	+3 Liberal	Rural Folk
Country does not have Universal Suffrage	+10 Radical	Trade Unions
Country has National Guard or Secret Police	+6 Radical
Country has Legacy Slavery or Debt Slavery	+5 Social Democrat

Landowners Party Attraction

Condition	Attraction	Shared With
Inherent to ideology	+5 Conservative	Devout
Is not marginalized	-5 Religious
Clout ≥ 15%	+5 Conservative
Country has Free Trade	+6 Agrarian, +3 Communist, +3 Social Democrat	Rural Folk, Trade Unions
Country has Universal Suffrage	+5 Conservative	Industrialists
Country has Universal Suffrage	+3 Fascist
Country has Graduated Taxation	+2 Conservative	Industrialists
Country has Graduated Taxation	+3 Free Trade	Industrialists, Petite Bourgeoisie
Country has Women's Suffrage	+3 Conservative, +3 Religious	Devout
Country has Women in the Workplace	+2 Conservative	Devout
Researched Law Enforcement, Country has Right of Assembly or Protected Speech	+3 Conservative	Devout
Country does not have Monarchy or Theocracy	+3 Conservative	Devout
Country has Regulatory Bodies or Worker's Protections	+5 Conservative, +5 Free Trade	Industrialists
Country has Wage Subsidies or Old Age Pension	+5 Conservative, +5 Free Trade	Industrialists
Researched Law Enforcement, Country has No Police	+3 Conservative, +3 Fascist, +3 Military	Armed Forces, Petite Bourgeoisie
Country does not have Per-Capita Taxation or Consumption-Based Taxation	+3 Free Trade	Rural Folk
Researched Central Planning, Country has Command Economy	+3 Free Trade	Industrialists, Rural Folk

Petite Bourgeoisie Party Attraction

Condition	Attraction	Shared With
Inherent to ideology	−3 Communist, +5 Fascist
Inherent to ideology	+5 Conservative, +4 Fascist	Armed Forces
Country has No Migration Controls	+6 Agrarian	Rural Folk, Trade Unions
Country has Land-Based Taxation	+6 Agrarian, +3 Anarchist, +3 Communist, +3 Social Democrat	Rural Folk
Country has Multiculturalism	+2 Conservative
Country has Guaranteed Liberties	+2 Conservative	Armed Forces
Researched Law Enforcement, Country has No Police	+3 Conservative, +3 Fascist, +3 Military	Armed Forces
Country does not have Proportional Taxation or Per-Capita Taxation	+3 Fascist, +3 Military
Researched Currency Standards, Country does not have Per-Capita Taxation or Consumption-Based Taxation	+3 Free Trade	Industrialists
Country has Graduated Taxation	+3 Free Trade	Industrialists, Landowners
Country has Hereditary Bureaucrats	+3 Liberal	Intelligentsia

Rural Folk Party Attraction

Condition	Attraction	Shared With
Is powerful	+10 Agrarian
Country has primary culture with Scandinavian Heritage	+10 Agrarian	Intelligentsia
Country has No Migration Controls	+6 Agrarian	Trade Unions, Petite Bourgeoisie
Country has No Migration Controls	+5 Fascist
Country has Local Police Force or Militarized Police Force	+6 Agrarian, +3 Liberal	Intelligentsia
Country has Land-Based Taxation	+6 Agrarian, +3 Anarchist, +3 Social Democrat	Petite Bourgeoisie
Country has Free Trade	+6 Agrarian, +3 Communist, +3 Social Democrat	Trade Unions, Landowners
Country has Lassiez-Faire	+6 Agrarian, +3 Communist, +3 Social Democrat	Trade Unions
Country has Peasant Levies	+6 Agrarian, +3 Anarchist, +3 Communist, +3 Fascist, +3 Military	Armed Forces
Country has Serfdom	+10 Agrarian, +5 Anarchist, +5 Communist, +5 Liberal, +3 Radical, +5 Social Democrat	Trade Unions, Intelligentsia, Industrialists
Country does not have Per-Capita Taxation or Consumption-Based Taxation	+3 Free Trade	Landowners
Country has Command Economy	+3 Free Trade	Landowners, Industrialists
Country has Debt Slavery	+5 Liberal
Country has Serfdom or Debt Slavery	+3 Radical

Trade Unions Party Attraction

Condition	Attraction	Shared With
Inherent to Trade Unions	+2 Communist, −2 Fascist
Country has No Migration Controls	+6 Agrarian	Rural Folk, Petite Bourgeoisie
Country has Free Trade	+6 Agrarian, +3 Communist, +3 Social Democrat	Rural Folk, Landowners
Country has Laissez-Faire	+6 Agrarian, +3 Communist, +3 Social Democrat	Rural Folk
Country has Serfdom	+10 Agrarian, +5 Anarchist, +5 Communist, +5 Liberal, +3 Radical, +5 Social Democrat	Intelligentsia, Industrialists, Rural Folk
Country has Outlawed Dissent	+3 Anarchist, +3 Liberal, +6 Radical, +3 Social Democrat	Intelligentsia
Country has Monarchy or Theocracy	+3 Anarchist, +3 Communist, +3 Liberal, +10 Radical, +3 Social Democrat	Intelligentsia
Country does not have Graduated Taxation	+3 Communist, +3 Social Democrat
Country has Serfdom	+10 Agrarian, +5 Anarchist, +5 Communist, +5 Liberal, +3 Radical, +5 Social Democrat	Intelligentsia, Industrialists, Rural Folk
Country has No Schools or Religious Schools	+3 Liberal, +3 Social Democrat	Industrialists
Country has Legal Guardianship	+3 Liberal	Intelligentsia
Country does not have Per-Capita Taxation, Proportional Taxation or Graduated Taxation	+3 Military	Armed Forces
Country does not have Universal Suffrage	+10 Radical	Intelligentsia