贸易

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贸易是商品通过商业贸易在两个市场中的流动。在Victoria 3中,贸易发生在两个国家市场之间(而不是企业或国家之间)。贸易有很多好处,比如允许一个国家获得一种商品,这种商品在自己的市场上很贵,但在另一个市场上又便宜又丰富。又或者,一个国家可能会寻求将一种商品出口到另一个市场,提高该商品在当地的价格,从而允许生产该商品的建筑提高盈利能力并雇佣更多的员工(该国可能会根据其法律对其征税)。贸易通过贸易中心进行,这些建筑以类似城镇中心的方式在各地区自动建立。玩家无法直接控制其市场,但可以通过多种方式影响市场,包括关税、禁运、贸易路线和贸易协定。

贸易路线

贸易通过贸易路线进行,由玩家或控制其它国家的AI创建。贸易路线可以是出口路线,也可以是进口路线。每条贸易路线只交易一种商品。每条贸易线路从1级开始,每周缓慢的增长或者收缩,这取决于路线的盈利能力和其他因素。路线的盈利能力计算如下:

  • 商品作为贸易路线的主体,有购买价格销售价格
    • 购买价格是根据出口市场上的商品价格(如果没有出口货物的贸易路线)与包括所有贸易的价格之间的平均值计算的。
    • 在进口市场,销售价格的计算方法与此类似。
    • 然后通过添加关税的成本来修改这些价格,这些关税是根据商品的基础价格(而不是其市场价格)计算的。
  • 盈利能力是购买价格和销售价格之间的差额。

注意:因为关税是根据商品的基础价格而不是市场价格征收的,这会不成比例地影响高交易量、低价值的交易(如煤炭或木材等基础资源)。随着商品交易量的增加,销售价格和购买价格之间的差距越来越大。因此,关税会越来越减少利润,直到停止增长贸易路线水平或甚至降低贸易路线水平更有利可图为止。对昂贵、低贸易量商品的贸易不太可能受到关税的影响,因为它们不太可能在另一个市场显得过度生产且更便宜。

每条贸易路线消耗Bureaucracy20行政力维持,除非这两个国家签订了贸易协议。此外,非相邻市场之间的贸易路线需要商船,商船数量取决于商品的种类、贸易路线水平以及贸易港口之间的距离。

关税同盟

一个国家与另一个国家进行贸易的另一种方式是加入他们的关税同盟,从而参与他们的国家市场。一个国家可以通过外交行动或者作为另一个国家的附属国加入关税同盟。这样做的结果是次级成员的市场不再存在,价格取决于关税同盟所有参与者的买卖订单。此外,连接入大市场不需要贸易路线,从而腾出商船用于与他国进行贸易。然而,一个国家的市场接入度取决于与市场中心的联系,如果该国距离较远,且市场领导者没有足够的商船来确保100%的市场接入度,则可能会对经济造成破坏。此外,过去在你和你加入的市场所在国之间的贸易路线上的贸易中心不再需要,这可能导致失业率上升和收入减少。

贸易中心

贸易中心代表了你的国家的经济中负责促进与其他国家贸易的部分。货物不会自动从一个地方运输到另一个地方;它们必须被购买、装船和移动(以及随之而来的相关盈利机会)。贸易中心也必须配备人员,并通常是私人拥有的,这会为那里的工作人员提供财富和工资。然后,利润可以按照与其他建筑和人群相同的方式征税,这取决于你的法律。贸易中心更可能出现在市场中心和有港口的地区。

禁运

As a nation does not require permission to establish a trade route, to discourage trade (for example to protect a small, but growing local industry) a nation must use other methods, the most important being tariffs and embargoes. Embargoes are created by an ongoing diplomatic action that severely limits the amount of goods that may be bought or sold by another country. However, they are not absolute as smugglers and other groups may still seek to profit despite the wishes of the state.

Tariffs

Instead of outright banning trade, tariffs can be used to make trading in certain goods unprofitable, thereby reducing the amount of goods bought or sold. Tariffs are a tax levied on all goods being traded, adding funds to the nation’s treasury whilst also making that good less profitable to trade. Tariffs are set independently for each individual good, and can be set to No Priority, Prioritize Imports, or Prioritize Exports. For example, a nation may remove import tariffs and raise export tariffs on artillery and weapons to ensure prices are low and enough goods are available for your army, whilst raising import tariffs and removing export tariffs on furniture to keep prices higher, allowing those factories to remain profitable while remaining at full employment.

A country's ability to influence tariff levels depends on its Trade Policy law, which changes the effect of each tariff setting. With the No Priority setting, Law protectionism.png Protectionism has a 10% tariffs on both imports and exports, and Law mercantilism.png Mercantilism has 15% tariffs on imports and 5% tariffs on exports. Changing to Prioritize Imports or Prioritize Exports removes the tariff on that type of route and doubles the tariff on the other type. With the Law free trade.png Free Trade law, no tariffs are collected, and with Law isolationism.png Isolationism, no trade routes are allowed.

Treaty ports

Treaty ports are a method for a nation to bypass any embargoes or tariffs a nation may impose. Treaty ports are gained through diplomatic plays. A country who gains a treaty port in another nation may bypass any tariffs or embargoes in a market adjacent to the treaty port. This is an option for stronger nations to gain access to other markets.

References

Dev diary 54 Dev diary 38