利益集團是一群支持某些觀點並想要使國家向這個方向改革的人的集合,所有人或從屬於某個利益集團或處於 政治冷漠,而具體的利益集團傾向取決於多重因素,例如資質、財富和識字率等。不同人所屬的利益集團取決於不同的標準,利益集團的具體觀點也會隨著當地宗教、社會運動和領導人的修正在不同國家間變化。值得一提的是,人群的不同個體可能支持任何一個利益集團,使得該群體支持所有的利益集團(儘管在支持人數上有差異)
基礎利益集團
利益集團系統是維多利亞三的核心玩法之一。遊戲中共有八種利益集團,以及一個額外的政治冷漠:
一國內利益集團的名字會隨著各自的情況變化,如暹羅的虔信者 被稱作小乘佛教僧侶,日本的軍隊被稱作
意識形態
- 主條目:意識形態
利益集團包含一系列的意識形態,這些意識形態決定了他們所支持和反對施行的法律——利益集團通常偏愛那些契合他們信念和使他們受益的法律。
不同的利益集團有不同的意識形態(例如地主明顯比工會更加保守),但是這些並不是被定死的。利益集團的意識形態也會隨著遊戲的進程和領導人個人的偏好與意識形態而變化。
此外,一些利益集團在特定國家內會有獨特的意識形態,例如支持儒家思想的 大清儒生利益集團。
利益集團的默認意識形態設置如下:
注: 利益集團的意識形態可能因國家或法律而異。例如, 如果該國允許奴隸制,地主將獲得(無法識別「蓄奴主義者」,請查閱Template:概念)意識形態。
領袖意識形態
每個利益集團都被一個政治家領導,他們的個人主張影響著這個利益集團的立場和觀點。這有時會使一個利益集團支持與其基礎觀點不同甚至完全相反的意識形態。
政治力量
人群中的個體會為他們所支持的利益集團或政治運動貢獻政治力量,一個個體貢獻的政治力量受到多個因素的影響而修正,其中的主要因素包括人群的財富和本國權利結構所賦予的政治地位(或投票權)。例如,在寡頭制國家內,一個富裕的 貴族 的政治力量是一個貧窮的 勞工 的成百上千倍。
有些人群沒有任何政治力量,這通常由於本國法律剝奪了他們的政治權力(例如人群的文化或宗教受到歧視,或婦女沒有投票權)。他們「被排除於權利系統之外」,無法通過加入利益集團等正常方式要求改革,不得不依靠政治運動向政府施壓。
吸引力
利益集團對人群存在一個吸引力權重,處於某個利益集團的人群可以為其提供政治力量。利益集團對人群的吸引取決於該人群的宗教、文化、是否受歧視、識字率、失業情況和職業,因此有的人不會進入特定的利益集團。利益集團對人群的吸引情況如下表:
軍隊 |
虔信者 |
實業家 | 知識分子 | 地主 | 小市民 | 鄉村民眾 | 工會 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Requirements | One of: Pop is not discriminated Pop's profession is Aristocrats, Officers, or Servicemen |
Pop follows the state's religion | Country must be centralized | Pop's 識字率 is over 25% Country must be centralized |
Pop has primary culture Pop is employed in Manufacturing, Service, Urban Facilities, or Government |
Pop is employed in Agriculture, Ranching, or Plantations | Pop is not employed in Agriculture, Ranching, or Plantations Country must be centralized | |
Base Weight | 0 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 75 | 50 | 50 |
Other Weight Effects | +25 if not discriminated | −2 per 10% Literacy over 50% except Clergymen | +10 if Literacy ≥ 50% +2 per 10% Literacy over 50% |
Final weight multiplied by:
| ||||
職業 | ||||||||
學者 | +200 | |||||||
貴族 | +50 | +50 | +50 | +200 | ||||
官僚 | +100 | |||||||
資本家 | +200 | +50 | ||||||
教士 | +200 | +50 | +100 | |||||
職員 | +100 | +50 | ||||||
工程師 | +50 | |||||||
農民 | +50 | +200 | ||||||
勞工 | +50 | |||||||
技工 | +100 | |||||||
軍官 | +200 | +50 | ||||||
自給農 | +50 | +200 | ||||||
軍人 | +100 | |||||||
店主 | +50 | +200 | ||||||
奴隸 |
扶植和打壓
除非國家已經頒布 保障自由, it can bolster or suppress interest groups, increasing or decreasing that groups attraction by some amount, as determined by its Free Speech law.
勢力
一個利益集團內所有人群的政治力量之為這個利益集團提供勢力——這決定了利益集團在國內和政府中的clout – the amount of political weight it can assert on the country and the government. 利益集團的勢力等於集團內政治力量與全國政治力量的百分比。例如,如果全國人群的政治力量為100k而實業家 的政治力量為30k,他們的勢力即為30%。
Clout determines the interest group's classification within their country – whether they are considered powerful, influential, or marginalized.
An interest group becomes marginalized if their clout drops below 4%, unless they are in government. They become influential again if it increases above 5%.
Similarly, a interest group becomes powerful if their clout rises above 20%, and influential again if it drops below 18%.
支持度
- 參見:政治運動
Source | Approval |
---|---|
Law Stances | |
Strongly Approves | +2 |
Approves | +1 |
Disapproves | −1 |
Strongly Disapproves | −2 |
Law Changes | |
One step | ±5 |
Two steps | ±10 |
Three or more steps | ±20 |
Pop political strength | |
Each ~6% loyalist | +1 |
Each ~6% radical | −1 |
Interest groups have a level of approval, which has two main sources: stances on laws, and pop loyalists and radicals. Other factors may affect approval as well, such as the player's choices in certain events. Total approval is capped between −20 and +20.
Each interest group and its leader's ideologies set its stance towards various laws from on a five-point scale, from Strongly Disapprove (−2) to Strongly Approve (+2). Approval from laws is the sum of all stances, capped at ±5.
In addition to the stance on enacted laws, proposed and recent law changes have an increased effect on an interest group's approval. A change which moves one step along their stance scale adds ±5, two steps adds ±10, and three or more steps adds ±20. This effect is added throughout the proposed change, and when a law is fully enacted, it remains and decays over five years. Cancelling the proposed law change immediately removes this effect. The effect of law changes on approval is not directly capped and can stack when changing several laws in a short time.
The percentage of pops supporting an interest group which are loyalists or radicals also affects approval, up to ±15 if all of the pops are loyalists or radicals. The actual approval effect is determined by the percentage of pop political strength, if more political strength comes from loyalist pops, it is positive; otherwise if more comes from radicals, it is negative. This scaled by the relative amount, for example if two-thirds (66%) is loyalist and one-third (33%) radicals, the approval effect is +5 as the loyalists provide +10 which is offset by the radicals' −5.
Government and military wages affect certain interest groups by ±1 for each step above or below normal wages. Government wages affect Intelligentsia and Petite Bourgeoisie approval, and military wages affect Armed Forces approval.
If a group is powerful and in opposition, their approval drops by −1.
Finally, there are many events, especially surrounding law changes, that add temporary approval modifiers to various interest groups.
效果
If an interest group's approval is −10 or less, they are Angry. They cannot be added to the government, but do not leave it if they're already in it. They also contribute their clout to the radicalization of any movement they support, possibly starting a revolution.
From −9 to −5, a group is Unhappy, activating their negative trait.
From −4 to +4, a group is Neutral, providing no special effect.
From +5 to +9, a group is Happy, activating their first positive trait. They also stop backing any movements.
At +10 or above, a group is Loyal, activating their second positive trait.
特質
Each group has three traits associated with it, one negative, and two positive. If group's approval is −5 or less, their negative trait is active. Approval of at least +5 activates their first positive trait, and +10 or more activates both of their positive traits.
Traits of a powerful group are twice as powerful, while marginalized groups cannot activate their traits at all.
利益集團 | 憤怒特質(支持度≤5) | 滿意特質(支持度≥5) | 忠誠特質(支持度≥10) |
---|---|---|---|
地主 | |||
小市民 | |||
鄉村民眾 | |||
實業家 | |||
知識分子 | |||
工會 |
部分國家擁有特殊特質
利益集團 | 特質 | 條件 |
---|---|---|
國教是新教 替換多子多孫 | ||
國教是印度教、大乘佛教或上座部佛教 替換多子多孫 | ||
志願勞動 | 國教是錫克教 替換多子多孫 | |
世俗授權 | 國教是格魯派 替換多子多孫 | |
最好的復仇 | 國教是猶太教 替換全套特質 | |
葉史瓦 | ||
意第緒傳統 | ||
天皇氏 | 國教是神道教 替換全套特質 | |
世俗神社理論 | ||
廢佛毀釋 | ||
達瓦 | 國教是遜尼派或什葉派 替換多子多孫 | |
沙里亞法 | 國教是遜尼派或什葉派,不是(無法識別「土耳其」,請查閱Template:國旗新) 替換君權神授 | |
奧斯曼民事法典 | 是(無法識別「奧斯曼帝國」,請查閱Template:國旗新) 替換君權神授 | |
本地上任 | 是 大清 替換全套特質 | |
新生軍隊 | ||
自強 | ||
生命衝力 | 是 法蘭西,或有法蘭西主流文化 替換愛國熱情 | |
好老大 | 主流文化屬西語圈、歐洲傳承,不屬伊比利亞 | |
長官統治 | 啟用DLC rp1_content,是 巴西 替換File:IG trait materiel waste.png.png物資浪費與老兵諮詢 | |
軍人俱樂部 |
執政和在野
Interest groups which are not marginalized are either in government or in opposition.
An interest group in government contributes its clout to the success chance of passing the laws they support, and to the stall chance of the laws they oppose. Proposing law changes usually requires an interest group in government which supports that law as well. Interest groups in opposition don't contribute their clout directly; however, unless they are happy or loyal, they may start a movement opposing a law change or demanding that a law be passed. By adding their clout to movement support, they can still affect the chance of success or stall.
合法性
- 主條目:合法性
Legitimacy represents how well a government can function based on popular support for the ruling interest groups and how well those groups can work together. Legitimacy is strongly affected by Governance Principles and Distribution of Power laws. Legitimacy is increased by including high clout interest groups and high vote parties in government and decreased by having too many interest groups or parties, or groups which are too ideologically opposed in government. More autocratic forms of government also gain legitimacy by including the ruler's preferred interest group in government.
改革政府
Government can be reformed at any time by adding or removing interest groups. Any group in opposition can be added freely, but removing a group in government radicalizes 25% of its members. In countries with voting, elections provide an opportunity to reform the government without angering interest groups' members – the first reform within six months of a finished election does not radicalize members of groups removed from government.
There is a quick reform option which presents the three highest legitimacy options available, but note that this does not include the current government nor does it take radicalization from removing interest groups into account.
政黨
- 主條目:政黨
Countries with voting and elections also have political parties, alliances of interest groups with similar concerns. Parties count as a single group for the purposes of legitimacy, and so allow more interest groups to be added to the government without penalty. However, in order to add or remove a party from government, all of its member interest groups must be added or removed together. There is no penalty for leaving an interest group out when it wants to join a party, except that it is impossible to reform government while a party is "split" this way, without unifying the party in government or in opposition.
Parties gain additional strength from votes of the last election. Pops do not vote for interest groups directly but rather for political parties, therefore interest groups that do not join a party miss out on a large amount of potential political strength.
政黨吸引力
Interest groups update their party affiliations at the beginning of each election campaign and join the party they have the highest attraction towards, discounting parties that do not meet the requirements to exist or that the interest group is otherwise prohibited from joining. All Interest Groups have a base attraction of −5 towards all political parties and must have a final attraction of at least +1 in order to join a party. If an interest group does not have positive attraction towards any valid party, then it does not join any party or participate in the current election.
Below is a partial list of each interest group's attraction factors towards political parties as well as which other interest groups share those same factors. These tables only take typical core ideologies into account; leader ideologies in particular can greatly affect an interest group's party attraction. See Political party for a full list of all possible attraction factors.