法律:修订间差异

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无编辑摘要
第10行: 第10行:
 也就是说,开局法律并非一成不变,玩家可根据社会发展方向进行具体调整。
 也就是说,开局法律并非一成不变,玩家可根据社会发展方向进行具体调整。


==  原因 ==
== 制 定法律 ==
法律会影响目前居于该国的人口群 对移民人口产 限制——人们不太会愿意搬到一个自己受歧视的国家
[[File:UI politics laws enact.png|thumb|在检查点日期,4个选项之一(成功,辩论,推进 停滞)将 生。]]
Enacting a new law is a process that takes several steps. First, a law needs support to be chosen. Either at least one [[interest group]] in the current government needs to be in favour of the law proposal or there has to be an active movement to support the law.
Next, it progresses through enactment with a periodic chance to be enacted, advanced, debated, or stalled. Finally, the law is enacted or its enactment can be abandoned. Only one law can be in enactment at a time.


法律的一个普遍作用是修改国家的某些参数,甚至改变社会其他部分的影响。此外,法律还可成为某些操作的令行禁止。
=== Law support ===
Support for a law can come from an interest group in the government, a [[political movement|movement]], or directly from the ruler's [[ideology]]. Interest groups' ideologies and their leaders' ideologies affect which laws they support along a 5-point scale from {{icon|oppose|21px}} {{red|strongly disapprove}} to {{icon|endorse|21px}} {{green|strongly approve}}. Interest groups support any law that is preferred over the current one; similarly they oppose any law that is less preferred over the current one. Interest groups in government (along with movements and ruler's ideology) provide the initial success and stall chances to a laws enactment, so having more interest groups in government gives more options for laws to enact, but also makes it potentially more difficult to enact those laws unless the interest groups are ideologically aligned.


改制法律的另一个原因是民众有所求。法律影响着人口群为利益集团提供的政治力量。其结果是,不同的人口群对玩家所创造的社会或支持{{图标|endorse|21px}}、或反对{{图标|oppose|21px}}。这取决于他们的经济状况,而他们对于改变的要求也取决于他们的数量和实力。
Aside from providing support, interest groups gain or lose approval based on current laws and proposed changes. Changes have five times the effect on approval, but that effect decay over five years. Thus, a quick way to appease an unhappy or angry interest group is to propose a change to a law they approve of. Even without the intention to actually enact it, it can provide time for other effects to wear off or take place.


玩家既可安抚愤怒激进的群体,亦可使既得利益者更加坐享其成,但如此行事必会激怒他人。改革现行法律,使其更符合强大的利益集团的意识形态,这是赢得他们认可的快速方法,为未来违背他们意愿提供更多的回旋余地;或者在他们的生活水平最近受到打击时,作为快速的提振作用。反之亦然——法律亦可被用来故意激怒和削弱利益集团的权力。
=== Enactment process ===
Once a law is chosen for enactment, it begins progressing towards a ''checkpoint''. Enactment can be cancelled at any time, and until the first checkpoint is reached there is no penalty, but after that, cancelling a law change prevents attempting it again for a year. The default time between checkpoints is {{icon|time|21px}} 180 days, and this is increased or decreased by various factors, such as {{icon|legitimacy}} [[legitimacy]] or surplus {{icon|authority}} [[authority]].


== 制定法律 ==
At each checkpoint, one of the four things can happen: Success, Advance, Debate, or Stall. Success means that the law has passed; it immediately comes into effect and the process ends. Advance triggers some kind of a positive event that usually increases success chance and sometimes offers a choice between a high increase of success chance and a medium increase in success chance plus a different bonus. Debate triggers an event that can be either a positive or a negative, often offering some kind of a trade-off between increasing the success chance for a price or decreasing the success chance. Stall triggers an event that usually reduces the success chance, sometimes with an option to take a smaller reduction and a different penalty.
[[File:UI politics laws enact.png|thumb|在检查点日期,4个选项之一(成功,辩论,推进,停滞)将会发生。]]
 
制定法律并非一蹴而就,一键功成的事情。
Interest groups in government and movements that support the law contribute their clout and support, respectively, to Success chance, while those who oppose it contribute to Stall. Interest groups in opposition don't contribute directly, but can join or start a movement, especially if the law change radicalizes them. Angry interest groups and radicals can even threaten a revolution, demanding to pass, restore, or stop passing a law.


任何改革都必须得到政府中至少一个能够支持变革的利益集团的支持。利益集团有自己的意识形态和支持率,这使其对各种法律有所偏重。虽然政府中利益集团的广泛联盟为制定法律提供了更多的选择,但这也使法案的通过变得更加复杂。
The chance to advance starts at twice the chance for success minus the stall chance, and the chance for debate is the difference between the other three options and 100%. If the chance of debate would go to less than 0%, instead an ''end-of-discussion'' factor is applied to scale the lower chances so the sum chance remains 100%.


改制甫兴,也许一帆风顺,数月即成;亦或拖延数年,争辩不休,得不敷支。虽然法律通过的默认时间是{{图标|time|21px}}180天,但实际需要的时间既取决于政府在民众眼中的{{图标|legitimacy}}[[合法性]],也取决于政府中支持和反对新法律的利益集团的影响力。


== 法律类别 ==
== 法律类别 ==

2023年3月12日 (日) 11:18的版本


绿色数字指该子类别中目前可改制的法律数量。

法律,即国家的法律体制改革,其为人口群创造了不同的政治、经济和社会条件。随着时间的推移,法律对社会结构产生缓慢渐进、或快速而革命的改变。

在游戏开始时,所有国家都拥有与1836年时代条件相对最适的法律。法律在不同国家间差别很大,且极大地影响着玩家在游戏过程中的环境和策略。

其他方面的不同影响与开局法律发生的相关作用,亦是维多利亚时代历史特征与有形社会存在所发生的相关作用。这会促使历史向着更熟悉的方向发展。

也就是说,开局法律并非一成不变,玩家可根据社会发展方向进行具体调整。

制定法律

在检查点日期,4个选项之一(成功,辩论,推进,停滞)将会发生。

Enacting a new law is a process that takes several steps. First, a law needs support to be chosen. Either at least one interest group in the current government needs to be in favour of the law proposal or there has to be an active movement to support the law. Next, it progresses through enactment with a periodic chance to be enacted, advanced, debated, or stalled. Finally, the law is enacted or its enactment can be abandoned. Only one law can be in enactment at a time.

Law support

Support for a law can come from an interest group in the government, a movement, or directly from the ruler's ideology. Interest groups' ideologies and their leaders' ideologies affect which laws they support along a 5-point scale from Oppose strongly disapprove to Endorse strongly approve. Interest groups support any law that is preferred over the current one; similarly they oppose any law that is less preferred over the current one. Interest groups in government (along with movements and ruler's ideology) provide the initial success and stall chances to a laws enactment, so having more interest groups in government gives more options for laws to enact, but also makes it potentially more difficult to enact those laws unless the interest groups are ideologically aligned.

Aside from providing support, interest groups gain or lose approval based on current laws and proposed changes. Changes have five times the effect on approval, but that effect decay over five years. Thus, a quick way to appease an unhappy or angry interest group is to propose a change to a law they approve of. Even without the intention to actually enact it, it can provide time for other effects to wear off or take place.

Enactment process

Once a law is chosen for enactment, it begins progressing towards a checkpoint. Enactment can be cancelled at any time, and until the first checkpoint is reached there is no penalty, but after that, cancelling a law change prevents attempting it again for a year. The default time between checkpoints is Time.png 180 days, and this is increased or decreased by various factors, such as Legitimacy.png legitimacy or surplus Hud authority.png authority.

At each checkpoint, one of the four things can happen: Success, Advance, Debate, or Stall. Success means that the law has passed; it immediately comes into effect and the process ends. Advance triggers some kind of a positive event that usually increases success chance and sometimes offers a choice between a high increase of success chance and a medium increase in success chance plus a different bonus. Debate triggers an event that can be either a positive or a negative, often offering some kind of a trade-off between increasing the success chance for a price or decreasing the success chance. Stall triggers an event that usually reduces the success chance, sometimes with an option to take a smaller reduction and a different penalty.

Interest groups in government and movements that support the law contribute their clout and support, respectively, to Success chance, while those who oppose it contribute to Stall. Interest groups in opposition don't contribute directly, but can join or start a movement, especially if the law change radicalizes them. Angry interest groups and radicals can even threaten a revolution, demanding to pass, restore, or stop passing a law.

The chance to advance starts at twice the chance for success minus the stall chance, and the chance for debate is the difference between the other three options and 100%. If the chance of debate would go to less than 0%, instead an end-of-discussion factor is applied to scale the lower chances so the sum chance remains 100%.


法律类别 

法律有三大类,每类有七个子类别,其本身包含多达六种具体的法律选项。

尽管法律之间完全相互独立,但在某些子类别中,玩家不可能直接上天下海——须得小火慢炖,先脚踏实地改制中庸,尔后循序渐进改制到另一个极端。

权力结构法律

主条目:权力结构法律
  • 军队类型 - 军队的组织和管理方式。
  • 官僚体制 - 如何管理你的国家。
  • 教会与国家 - 身体的统治者与精神的统治者之间的关系。
  • 公民权 - 扩展公民权。
  • 治理原则 - 国家治理的基本原则与权威。决定了什么人是国家元首。
  • 权力分配 - 政治权力是如何被分配的。这决定国家元首对谁负责。
  • 国内安全 - 保持国内有序。

经济法律

主条目:经济法律
  • 殖民机构 - 你对于建立殖民地以取代和征服松散部族的立场。
  • 经济体制 - 经济的基本原则。
  • 教育体制 - 为孩子们做完扫烟囱的家务后的准备。
  • 卫生系统 - 关于政府是否参与为公民提供医疗保健的法律。
  • 警察机构 - 国家警察部队的优先度。
  • 赋税 - 国家如何通过对其公民征税以获得税收。
  • 贸易政策 - 管辖贸易和跨境商品交换的法律。

人权法律

主条目:人权法律
  • 儿童权利 - 赋予儿童的权利与保障措施。
  • 言论自由 - 相关法律对言论自由和公共集会权利进行了规定。
  • 劳动者权益 - 工人权利。
  • 移民制度 - 控制人口流动。
  • 女性权利 - 针对女性的法律规制。
  • 奴隶制 - 把人当作财产。
  • 社会福利 - 政府对于低收入贫民的帮助。

参见