俄罗斯：修订间差异

2023年10月5日 (四) 00:57的版本

俄罗斯

首都：

英格里亚，圣彼得堡

政府类型：：

沙皇国

主流文化：

俄罗斯

国教：

东正教

国家位阶：

帝国

国家类型：

受认可国家

"沙皇尼古拉一世的统治以镇压一场革命为开端，现在用铁腕统治着俄罗斯。他采纳了东正教、独裁制和民族性这三大治国原则。这般专制的俄罗斯能否在19世纪繁荣昌盛，抑或一个改头换面的新俄罗斯将会浮现？"

Russia is a Great Power located on the fringes of the European continent. Russia is a long-time Rival Rival of the neighboring 土耳其, fighting over control of the Black Sea and the Caucasus. Russia spans the length of Siberia, making it one of the largest countries in the world, although internally disconnected. Russia is still in many ways a feudal society, with serfs working the land of the elite aristocracy.

The potential of Russia is as vast as the country itself, but if that potential will ever be used to its full advantage, by a ruling elite that holds onto the past, is anyone's guess.

历史背景

俄罗斯历史始于欧洲的东斯拉夫民族，聚集区域自公元3世纪至8世纪逐渐扩大。在9世纪，源自北欧的瓦良格人武士精英南下征服斯拉夫人部落，建立基辅罗斯。988年，基辅罗斯在拜占庭帝国的影响下皈依东正教，由此开始，千年拜占庭与斯拉夫文化的融合成为今日的俄罗斯文化。在蒙古入侵中，基辅罗斯分化为众多公国，被蒙古人逐一征服，大部分在13世纪成为金帐汗国的一部分。莫斯科大公国原为金帐汗国的附属国，自14世纪起逐渐崛起并统一周边俄罗斯诸侯国，在15世纪成功从金帐汗国独立，伊万三世迎娶拜占庭末代公主，从此俄罗斯对外自诩“第三罗马”，且成为基辅罗斯文化和政治的继承者。16世纪起伊万四世自称沙皇。18世纪，俄罗斯沙皇国通过征服、吞并和探索不断扩张领土。大北方战争后取得波罗的海出海口，彼得一世称帝并成立俄罗斯帝国，叶卡捷琳娜二世延续其西化革新，又拿下克里米亚进入黑海，任内国力迈向了顶峰。在叶卡捷琳娜1796年离世时，其所推行的扩张主义政策令俄罗斯成为一个主要的欧洲强权国度。

1802年，俄罗斯从波斯人手中夺取了格鲁吉亚，同时针对伊朗的阿塞拜疆和达吉斯坦展开行动，同时介入了针对高加索伊玛目国和切尔克西亚的高加索战争。1813年，俄罗斯再次战胜波斯，迫使波斯卡扎尔王朝割让部分高加索领土，进一步扩大了俄国势力范围。俄罗斯计划在西南向奥斯曼帝国扩张，借助格鲁吉亚作为通往高加索山脉和安纳托利亚前端的基地。

亚历山大的欧洲政策，在1804～1812年间有过将近四次的转变：从中立和平维护者，转向反拿破仑，再转为拿破仑的盟友，到最后1812年时再成为拿破仑的敌手。1805年时其在第三次反法同盟与英国一道对抗拿破仑，但在奥斯特利茨战役遭遇大败后他立即转换阵营，通过提尔西特条约（1807年）与拿破仑建立同盟关系并加入对方主导的大陆封锁体系。之后1807～1812年间和英国在波罗的海及巴伦支海发生系列小规模海战。由于亚历山大和拿破仑间尤其于波兰问题上持久无法达成共识，该同盟在1810年告终。在1815年最终击败拿破仑后，亚历山大被冠以“欧洲救世主”而为人所知。在维也纳会议（1814–1815）里其主导了对欧洲版图的重构，同时会内也让他获得波兰的国王头衔。之后他也和奥地利与普鲁士间组建了神圣同盟，以对欧洲内被他视为法定基督教君主制构成不义威胁的革命活动实施镇压。他是帮助了奥地利梅特涅镇压所有的民族主义及自由主义运动。而在其主掌下的俄罗斯帝国强权化同时，其权威状况也令之无法见到其政府无法称职运转、人民间相互孤岛化及整体经济在倒退。等到亚历山大一世击败拿破仑后，他才开始有意讨论宪政改革，不过在任内仅有很少改动发生，没有实施过更持久的转变举措。

1825年俄罗斯皇帝亚历山大一世殁后无男嗣，次弟康斯坦丁大公放弃皇位继承权，由三弟尼古拉一世继任沙皇。尼古拉接掌起初，一群受过良好教育的、在拿破仑战争时期随军游历欧洲的俄罗斯军官深受自由主义影响，希望改变祖国的独裁性，于是发动了十二月党人起义（Восстание декабристов）。结果革命是被轻易瓦解掉，并引致尼古拉放弃自由化改革路线，转向捍卫起保守教条“专制、正教、民族”（Правосла́вие, самодержа́вие, наро́дность）。

I826～1828年，俄罗斯与波斯展开决战，在头一年几乎丧失了所有其新近吞并的领土，但很快又夺回有利地位，最终在1828年签订土库曼恰伊条约，吞并了东亚美尼亚、纳希切万、纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫、阿塞拜疆和厄德尔等地。1828～1829年俄土战争时，俄罗斯进入了安纳托利亚东北，并短暂占据了埃尔祖鲁姆和居米什哈内两个战略要地。1830年，俄罗斯完全兼并了高加索地区内所有的波斯领土以及大部分奥斯曼领土。

1831年，尼古拉镇压了波兰十一月起义（Powstanie listopadowe），法国、英国和奥地利曾试图干涉事态发展但未有成行，而俄罗斯国内喉舌利用波兰起义来统合俄罗斯民族，声称俄罗斯负有挽救波兰和世界的神圣使命。波兰后来被惩罚是失去了自身留存的独特政治和司法权限，代之对当地学校和显贵门堂进行俄罗斯化。在尼古拉一世统治时期，农奴获得了从事商业，和从一个地主的属地迁徙到另一个地主属地的自由。农奴比例降到了35%。

Events

主条目：Russian events

Journal and decisions

主条目：Russian journal entries

When Russia researches Nationalism they can can hold of some states along the Chinese border.

Technology

Russia starts the game with almost all Era 1 techs, lacking only the techs of: Lathe, Paddle Steamer, File:Invention stock exchange.png Stock Exchange, Banking, Mass Communication, and Empiricism.

Production technology	Military technology	Society technology
Prospecting Steelworking Distillation Cotton Gin	Drydocks Admiralty Army Reserves Napoleonic Warfare	Law Enforcement Currency Standards Colonization Democracy Medical Degrees Romanticism

Politics

Russia is a Tsardom Tsardom, based on the Monarchy and Autocracy laws. The Primary Culture Primary Culture of Russia is Russian, with Ukrainian and Byelorussian being Accepted Cultures, due to Russia's National Supremacy law. Russia is a deeply religious country, having the State Religion law enforce Orthodoxy as Russia's primary religion.

Starting Laws
Power Structure		Economy		Human Rights
Governance Principles	Monarchy	Economic System	Traditionalism	Free Speech	Censorship
Distribution of Power	Autocracy	Trade Policy	Mercantilism	Labor Rights	Serfdom
Citizenship	National Supremacy	Taxation	Land-Based Taxation	Children's Rights	Child Labor Allowed
Church and State	State Religion	Colonization	No Colonial Affairs	Rights of Women	Legal Guardianship
Bureaucracy	Hereditary Bureaucrats	Policing	No Police	Welfare	No Social Security
Army Model	Peasant Levies	Education System	No Schools	Migration	No Migration Controls
Internal Security	No Home Affairs	Health System	No Health System	Slavery	Slavery Banned

Interest groups

Russia starts with the Gentry Assembly in government. The Orthodox Church is the 2nd most powerful interest group and have the unique Russian Orthodox Patriarchy Ideology, which makes them support Authoritarian forces of government as well as Serfdom. The Intelligentsia start the game Suppressed, giving them −40% Interest Group Attraction.

Historical characters

Politicians
Name	Role	Interest Group	Ideology	Traits
Nikolai Romanov	Ruler	Gentry Assembly	Traditionalist	Arrogant, Pious
Aleksandr Romanov	Heir	Gentry Assembly	Market Liberal	Meticulous, Romantic
Aleksandr von Benckendorff	Politician	Armed Forces	Random	Imperious
Mikhail Speransky	Politician	Intelligentsia	Moderate	Cautious
Sergei Uvarov	Politician	Gentry Assembly	Traditionalist	Meticulous
Filaret Drozdov	Politician	Orthodox Church	Traditionalist	Charismatic
Aleksandr Herzen	Politician	Trade Unions	Moderate
Yevhen Hrebinka	Politician	Rural Folk	Moderate	Romantic
Alexei Bobrinsky	Politician	Industrialists	Moderate	Persistent

Generals and Admirals
Name	Role	Interest Group	Ideology	Traits	Rank	HQ Region
Mikhail Vorontsov	General	Random	Random	Direct, Forest Commander	0 Commander rank 5 Field Marshal	Russia
Aleksandr Chernyshyov	General	Random	Random	Brave	0 Commander rank 5 Field Marshal	Dnieper
Ivan Paskevich	General	Random	Random	Brave	0 Commander rank 2 Major General	Poland
Matvey Khrapovitsky	General	Random	Random	Mountain Commander	0 Commander rank 2 Major General	Caucasus
Nikolay Muravyov Karsky	General	Random	Random	Persistent	0 Commander rank 2 Major General	Central Asia
Pavel Grabbe	General	Random	Random	Ambitious, Experienced Artillery Commander	Commander rank 1 Brigadier General	West Siberia
Friedrich von Berg	General	Random	Random	Meticulous, Surveyor	Commander rank 1 Brigadier General	The Baltic
Mikhail Lazarev	Admiral	Random	Random	Explorer, Experienced Naval Commander	Commander rank 1 Commodore	Russia
Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen	Admiral	Gentry Assembly	Moderate	Explorer, Naval Commander, Popular Commander	0 Commander rank 2 Rear Admiral	The Baltic
Vasily Zavoyko	Admiral	Gentry Assembly	Royalist	Brave, Explorer	0 Commander rank 3 Vice Admiral	Dnieper
Pyotr Ricord	Admiral	Armed Forces	Reformer	Naval Commander, Experienced Diplomat, Tactful	Commander rank 1 Commodore	East Siberia

Historical Character Templates
Name	Type	Interest Group	Ideology	Traits	Conditions
Sergei Witte	Politician	Industrialists	Reformer	Experienced Political Operator, Meticulous, Innovative	Date between 1879.1.1 and 1915.1.1
Pyotr Chicherin	General	Armed Forces	Royalist	Plains Commander	Date between 1836.1.1 and 1848.1.1
Franz Eduard von Tottleben	General	Gentry Assembly	Moderate	Expert Defensive Strategist, Innovative, Trench Rat	Date between 1850.1.1 and 1884.1.1
Paul von Rennenkampf	General	Gentry Assembly	Royalist	Offensive Planner, Reckless, Persistent	Date between 1884.1.1 and 1920.1.1
Grand Duke Nicholas Romanov	General	Gentry Assembly	Royalist	Popular Commander, Pious, Offensive Planner	Date between 1884.1.1 and 1920.1.1
Aleksei Brusilov	General	Armed Forces	Moderate	Expert Offensive Planner, Innovative, Direct	Date between 1874.1.1 and 1920.1.1
Pyotr Wrangel	General	Gentry Assembly	Royalist	Expert Offensive Planner, Popular Commander, Direct	Date between 1914.1.1 and 1936.1.1
Mikhail Skobelev	General	Armed Forces	Ethno-Nationalist	Expert Offensive Planner, Popular Commander, Bigoted	Date between 1870.1.1 and 1910.1.1
Stepan Makarov	Admiral	Armed Forces	Moderate	Explorer, Experienced Naval Commander, Innovative	Date between 1881.1.1 and 1918.1.1
Pavel Nakhimov	Admiral	Armed Forces	Moderate	Brave, Experienced Naval Commander, Meticulous	Date between 1836.1.1 and 1870.1.1

Diplomacy

Russia starts the game with a mutual File:Diplomacy rivalry.png Rivalry with the 土耳其. Russia starts the game with an File:Obligation.png Obligation from 希腊.

Russia is the overlord of the three Zhuz nations of 没有结果, 没有结果 and 没有结果 in Central Asia, who are Puppets. 芬兰 is also under Russian rule through a Personal Union.

The Caucasian nations of 没有结果 and the 没有结果 both have a Truce with Russia, ending on 1 January 1841. Russia has Claims on both these nations.

Russia starts with an Active Interest in Russia, The Baltic, Poland, Danubia, Dnieper, Caucasus, Central Asia, West Sibera, East Siberia, and the Pacific Coast. Russia has File:Declared interest.png Declared Interests in North Germany, South Germany, Rhine, France, Italy, Balkans, Anatolia, Persia, Manchuria, and Japan.

Economy

Starting Statistics
Statistic	Starting Value
GDP	34.5M
Population	58.8M
Literacy	15.4%
Standard of Living	Struggling (8.8)

States

The Baltic
Name	Type	Homelands	Arable Land		Resources		State Traits
Name	Type	Homelands	Size	Uses			State Traits
Ingria	36px	Russian	40	30px 30px	11	5	30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput
Latvia	36px	Latvian	50	30px 30px	11	10
Lithuania	36px	Lithuanian	60	30px 30px	13	2
Estonia	36px	Estonian	30	30px 30px	9	8

Russia
Name	Type	Homelands	Arable Land		Resources				State Traits
Name	Type	Homelands	Size	Uses					State Traits
Moscow	36px	Russian	120	30px 30px	34	60	30	—	30px +20 Infrastructure 30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput
Kazan	36px	Russian Tatar	140	30px 30px	25	—	—	—	30px +20 Infrastructure
Bryansk	36px	Russian	150	30px 30px	33	—	—	—	30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput
Tver	36px	Russian	110	30px 30px	40	48	—	—	30px +20 Infrastructure 30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput
Smolensk	36px	Russian	80	30px 30px	20	—	—	—	30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput
Galich	36px	Russian	80	30px 30px	20	—	—	—	30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput
Novgorod	36px	Russian	60	30px 30px	17	—	—	—	30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput
Arkhangelsk	36px	Russian Ugrian	15	30px 30px	14	—	—	5	30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput
East Karelia	36px	Russian Ugrian Finnish	10	30px 30px	14	—	33	5	30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput

Poland
Name	Type	Homelands	Arable Land		Resources				State Traits
Name	Type	Homelands	Size	Uses					State Traits
Mazovia	36px	Polish	100	30px 30px	8	84	—	—
Brest	36px	Russian Byelorussian	100	30px 30px	13	—	—	—	30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput
Volhynia	36px	Ukrainian	90	30px 30px	11	68	—	—	30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput
Lesser Poland	36px	Polish	80	30px 30px	13	84	—	60
Greater Poland	36px	Polish	60	30px 30px	9	36	36	—

Dnieper
Name	Type	Homelands	Arable Land		Resources					State Traits
Name	Type	Homelands	Size	Uses						State Traits
Kiev	36px	Ukrainian	200	30px 30px	9	72	—	—	—	30px +15% Agriculture Throughput 30px +15 Infrastructure
Kursk	36px	Russian Ukrainian	170	30px 30px	18	—	—	—	—	30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput
Orsha	36px	Russian Byelorussian	120	30px 30px	23	—	—	—	—	30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput
Luhansk	36px	Russian Ukrainian	110	30px 30px	7	80	45	10	—	30px +15% Agriculture Throughput 30px +15 Infrastructure
Cherson	36px	Ukrainian	60	30px 30px	6	48	—	12	—	30px +15% Agriculture Throughput 30px +15 Infrastructure
Minsk	36px	Russian Byelorussian	60	30px 30px	20	—	—	—	—	30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput
Crimea	36px	Russian Ukrainian Tatar	40	30px 30px 30px	4	—	15	12	—
Saratov	36px	Russian Tatar	120	30px 30px	8	—	45	—	(60)	30px +20 Infrastructure

Danubia
Name	Type	Homelands	Arable Land		Resources		State Traits
Name	Type	Homelands	Size	Uses			State Traits
Bessarabia	36px	Romanian Ukranian	50	30px 30px 30px	6	9
Dobrudja	36px 36px	Bulgarian Romanian Turkish	10	30px 30px 30px 30px	11	7	30px +20 Infrastructure

Caucasus
Name	Type	Homelands	Arable Land		Resources						State Traits
Name	Type	Homelands	Size	Uses							State Traits
Astrakhan	36px	Russian Kalmyk	80	30px 30px	6	—	—	—	—	—	30px +20 Infrastructure
Rostov	36px	Russian Ukrainian	40	30px 30px 30px	7	72	—	—	—	—
Kars	36px 36px	Georgian Armenian Turkish Kurdish	10	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	9	—	—	—	5	—
Kuban	36px 36px	Circassian Russian Ukrainian North Caucasian	80	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	6	32	—	27	7	(30)
Greater Caucasus	36px	Georgian	50	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	8	40	24	24	—	—	30px −20% Infrastructure −20% State construction efficiency
Dagestan	36px 36px	North Caucasian	30	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	4	—	—	—	—	(30)
Azerbaijan	36px	Armenian Azerbaijani	25	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	6	—	—	18	—	(60)	30px −20% Infrastructure −20% State construction efficiency
Armenia	36px	Armenian Azerbaijani	20	30px 30px 30px	2	—	27	21	—	—

Central Asia
Name	Type	Homelands	Arable Land		Resources				State Traits
Name	Type	Homelands	Size	Uses					State Traits
Samara	36px 36px	Russian Tatar	110	30px 30px	9	—	30	(30)
Akmolinsk	36px 36px	Uzbek Kazakh	30	30px	5	—	21	—
Semireche	36px 36px	Kazakh Kyrgyz Uighur	30	30px	4	28	—	—
Russian Uralsk	36px 36px	Kazakh	30	30px	7	—	—	(60)

West Siberia
Name	Type	Homelands	Arable Land		Resources						State Traits
Name	Type	Homelands	Size	Uses							State Traits
Perm	36px	Russian Ugrian	100	30px 30px	20	80	75	—	—	(60)	30px +20% Logging Industry Throughput 30px +20% Iron Mines building Throughput −15% Infrastructure −15% State construction efficiency
Tomsk	36px 36px	Russian Siberian	60	30px 30px	13	44	27	—	—	—	30px +15 Infrastructure
Ural	36px	Russian Ugrian	40	30px 30px	13	84	96	81	—	—	30px +20% Iron Mines building Throughput −15% Infrastructure −15% State construction efficiency
Tobolsk	36px	Russian Ugrian Siberian	40	30px 30px	14	44	—	—	—	(60)	30px +15 Infrastructure
Nenetsia	36px	Russian Ugrian	20	30px	13	—	—	—	12	(30)	30px −20% Agriculture Throughput −20% Infrastructure −20% State construction efficiency
Upper Yeniseysk	36px	Russian Ugrian Siberian	40	30px	29	20	—	—	6	—	30px −20% Agriculture Throughput −20% Infrastructure −20% State construction efficiency
Ob	36px	Russian Ugrian	20	30px	11	20	—	—	13	(60)	30px +15 Infrastructure 30px −20% Agriculture Throughput −20% Infrastructure −20% State construction efficiency

East Siberia
Name	Type	Homelands	Arable Land		Resources								State Traits
Name	Type	Homelands	Size	Uses									State Traits
Irkutsk	36px	Russian Mongolian	40	30px 30px	13	80	36	—	—	—	—	(10)
Trans-Baikal	36px	Russian Mongolian Manchu	60	30px 30px	13	80	33	44	—	—	—	(10)
Okhotsk	36px	Yakut	50	30px	—	36	—	—	10	—	—	—
Yakutsk	36px	Russian Yakut	30	30px 30px	23	36	—	—	—	—	(8)	(5)	30px −20% Agriculture Throughput −20% Infrastructure −20% State construction efficiency
Chukotka	36px	Siberian Inuit	20	30px	13	36	—	—	9	3	(4)	—	30px −20% Agriculture Throughput −20% Infrastructure −20% State construction efficiency
Kamchatka	36px	Siberian	20	30px	13	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Pacific Coast
Name	Type	Homelands	Arable Land		Resources					State Traits
Name	Type	Homelands	Size	Uses						State Traits
Alaska	36px	Inuit Athabaskan Salish	20	30px	11	32	10	8	(12)	30px +20% Fishing Industry Throughput

Industry and Resources

Industry

Russia is lacking behind in terms of industrialization, with over 71% of its population being Peasants working in Subsistence Farms, the largest Industrial Hub is the capital state of Ingria (St. Petersburg), although it doesn't exceed 5 Urbanization.

Resources

Russia is very rich in Wood, Iron, Coal and Agricultural output, thanks to the State Traits in the Russian heartland, the Ukraine and the Siberian states.

Military

Russia starts with the Peasant Levies law and has the second largest military in the world, only behind 中国.

Russia has 286 battalions and can call upon 333 conscript battalions. Battalions all use the same production methods: Line Infantry, Mobile Artillery, File:Method cavalry scouts.png Cavalry Scouts, File:Method standardized infantry.png Standardized Infantry, and Wound Dressing. Production methods for conscript battalions are the same, but replace Mobile Artillery with File:Method infantry focus.png Infantry Focus.

Russia starts with 55 flotillas, all using the same production methods: Man O' War, File:Method escort frigates.png Escort Frigates, Commerce Raiders, and Naval Traditions.

Strategies and guides

以下内容为诸多玩家中的一员所给出的，关于俄罗斯的策略建议。请注意，由于游戏的动态机制，这些内容对其他玩家而言可能会以不同的方式展开。

Initial Investments

Russia is undeveloped. Very underdeveloped. And it lacks sufficient construction sectors, so building many of these early is a must. Luckily Russia has plenty of wood producing provinces to develop. Especially those with the Russian Taiga Forrest trait, giving a bonus to logging camps. Alternating between logging camps and construction sectors will be the building queue for a very long time. Afterwards, developing sufficient tooling workshops and iron is needed for all the new logging camps.

Politics

Russia starts with insufficient taxation capacity in more or less the entire country. This is due to both hereditary bureaucrats, traditionalism and serfdom all limiting the taxation capacity. If Russia doesn't abolish those laws, one would have to bankrupt the country building administrative buildings. Unfortunately, Russia's landed elite are deeply intrenched, so this is a long hard fought battle. To help the bureaucracy, it is worth considering starting with techs that increase the base taxation capacity.

Targets of War

Russia doesn't actually need to expand. It is already an absolutely massive country with more peasants than they could possibly feed. It is however worth it to consider expanding into Central Asia ( 波斯 and 阿富汗 especially) to gain access to their profitable opium production, as it is one of the only resources not found naturally anywhere in Russia.

In Eastern Austria, there are Ukrainian POPs and they migth therefore also be a good target.

Achievements

The Great Game

Starting as Russia, own the entire Central Asia region

References

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 == 历史背景 ==
- 在 [[File:Diplomacy trade agreement.png|24px||link=Diplomacy]] 维也纳会议结束了血腥 的 [[File:Invention napoleonic warfare.png|24px|Napoleonic Wars|link=Napoleonic Warfare]] 拿破仑 战争后，俄罗斯在欧洲 的 {{iconify|Great Power}}列 强中 站稳 了 脚跟。沙皇 亚 历山 大 一世目睹 了俄罗斯帝国 的 扩张，最终 确保控制 波兰 并声索 其在 西伯利 亚 苔原 的 统治地 位 。As the Western powers began rapid liberalisation and industrialization, Russia rested on its laurels, maintaining the institution of {{iconify|Serfdom|law}} and the privileges of the aristocracy. Not everyone in Russia saw this as the right way and revolutionary fervor began to take hold in intellectual circles, this fervor exploded when Alexander I died in 1825. The [[File:Alert radicalized.png|24px|Revolution|link=Revolution]] Decembrist Revolt, hoping to bring Russia closer to Western progress, liberalisation, and the abolition of Serfdom, was utterly and brutally crushed by the new Tsar, Nicholas I. Nicholas would centralise his power after the revolt, making sure nothing went past him. As Russian society stands ever still, Sergey Uvarov came up with the program of "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality", laying the foundation of a new Russian [[File:Decree promote national values.png|24px|National Values|link=Decree]] national education program, and firmly solidifying Nicholas I's beliefs in the mind of his subjects.
+  俄罗斯历史始于欧洲的东斯拉夫民族，聚集区域自公元3世纪至8世纪逐渐扩大。在9世纪，源自北欧的瓦良格人武士精英南下征服斯拉夫人部落，建立基辅罗斯。988年，基辅罗斯在拜占庭帝国的影响下皈依东正教，由此开始，千年拜占庭与斯拉夫文化的融合成为今日的俄罗斯文化。 在 蒙古入侵中，基辅罗斯分化为众多公国，被蒙古人逐一征服，大部分在13世纪成为金帐汗国的一部分。莫斯科大公国原为金帐汗国的附属国，自14世纪起逐渐崛起并统一周边俄罗斯诸侯国，在15世纪成功从金帐汗国独立，伊万三世迎娶拜占庭末代公主，从此俄罗斯对外自诩“第三罗马”，且成为基辅罗斯文化和政治 的 继承者。16世纪起伊万四世自称沙皇。18世纪，俄罗斯沙皇国通过征服、吞并和探索不断扩张领土。大北方 战争后 取得波罗的海出海口 ， 彼得一世称帝并成立 俄罗斯 帝国，叶卡捷琳娜二世延续其西化革新，又拿下克里米亚进入黑海，任内国力迈向了顶峰。 在 叶卡捷琳娜1796年离世时，其所推行的扩张主义政策令俄罗斯成为一个主要的 欧洲强 权国度。
+年，俄罗斯从波斯人手 中 夺取 了 格鲁吉亚，同时针对伊朗的阿塞拜疆和达吉斯坦展开行动，同时介入了针对高加索伊玛目国和切尔克西 亚 的高加索战争。1813年，俄罗斯再次战胜波斯，迫使波斯卡扎尔王朝割让部分高加索领土，进一步扩 大了 俄国势力范围。 俄罗斯 计划在西南向奥斯曼 帝国扩张， 借助格鲁吉亚作为通往高加索山脉和安纳托利亚前端的基地。
+亚历山大的欧洲政策，在1804～1812年间有过将近四次的转变：从中立和平维护者，转向反拿破仑，再转为拿破仑的盟友，到 最 后1812年时再成为拿破仑的敌手。1805年时其在第三次反法同盟 与英国一道对抗拿破仑，但在奥斯特利茨战役遭遇大败后他立即转换阵营，通过提尔西特条约（1807年）与拿破仑建立同盟关系并加入对方主导的大陆封锁体系。之后1807～1812年间和英国在波罗的海及巴伦支海发生系列小规模海战。由于亚历山大和拿破仑间尤其于波兰问题上持久无法达成共识，该同盟在1810年告 终 。在1815年最终击败拿破仑后，亚历山大被冠以“欧洲救世主”而为人所知。在维也纳会议（1814–1815）里其主导了对欧洲版图的重构， 同时会内也让他获得 波兰 的国王头衔。之后他也和奥地利与普鲁士间组建了神圣同盟，以对欧洲内被他视为法定基督教君主制构成不义威胁的革命活动实施镇压。他是帮助了奥地利梅特涅镇压所有的民族主义及自由主义运动。而在其主掌下的俄罗斯帝国强权化同时，其权威状况也令之无法见到 其 政府无法称职运转、人民间相互孤岛化及整体经济 在 倒退。等到 亚 历山大一世击败拿破仑后，他才开始有意讨论宪政改革，不过在任内仅有很少改动发生，没有实施过更持久 的 转变举措。
+年俄罗斯皇帝亚历山大一世殁后无男嗣，次弟康斯坦丁大公放弃皇 位 继承权，由三弟尼古拉一世继任沙皇。尼古拉接掌起初，一群受过良好教育的、在拿破仑战争时期随军游历欧洲的俄罗斯军官深受自由主义影响，希望改变祖国的独裁性，于是发动了{{word| 十二月党人起义| Восстание декабристов}} 。结果革命是被轻易瓦解掉，并引致尼古拉放弃自由化改革路线，转向捍卫起保守教条{{word| “专制、正教、民族”| Правосла́вие, самодержа́вие, наро́дность}}。
+I826～1828年，俄罗斯与波斯展开决战，在头一年几乎丧失了所有其新近吞并的领土，但很快又夺回有利地位，最终在1828年签订土库曼恰伊条约，吞并了东亚美尼亚、纳希切万、纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫、阿塞拜疆和厄德尔等地。1828～1829年俄土战争时，俄罗斯进入了安纳托利亚东北，并短暂占据了埃尔祖鲁姆和居米什哈内两个战略要地。1830年，俄罗斯完全兼并了高加索地区内所有的波斯领土以及大部分奥斯曼领土。
+年，尼古拉镇压了{{word| 波兰十一月起义|Powstanie listopadowe}}， 法国、英国和奥地利曾试图干涉事态发展但未有成行，而俄罗斯国内喉舌利用波兰起义来统合俄罗斯民族，声称俄罗斯负有挽救波兰和世界的神圣使命。波兰后来被惩罚是失去了自身留存的独特政治和司法权限，代之对当地学校和显贵门堂进行俄罗斯化。在尼古拉一世统治时期，农奴获得了从事商业，和从一个地主的属地迁徙到另一个地主属地的自由。农奴比例降到了35%。
 == Events ==