埃及

File:Flag EGY absolute monarchy.png

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Under Muhammad Ali, Egypt has become independent from the Ottoman Empire in all but the most technical respect. Recent gains in Syria however are sure to incite a response from the Sublime Porte. Can Egypt survive the coming storm?

Egypt is an unrecognized major power in North Africa and the Middle East. Egypt controls 汉志 as a tributary state and has a truce with the 土耳其 until 1840. The conflict with the Ottoman Empire is the foremost challenge for Egypt, but if it succeeds, Egypt is poised to become the predominant power in the region.

Egypt can form the nation of 阿拉伯 after Pan-Nationalism has been researched.

Historical background

Egypt was an autonomous eyalet of the Ottoman Empire since the Mamluks were defeated in 1517. During the Napoleonic wars, 法兰西 occupied Egypt from 1798 to 1801. Following the French withdrawal, there was a period fighting between the local Mamluk rulers, Ottoman troops already in Egypt, and an Ottoman force dispatched to restore order under the control of Muhammad Ali Pasha. After four years of fighting, in 1805, Muhammad Ali seized power in Egypt. The Ottoman Empire recognized him as wāli – governor, but Muhammad Ali claimed the title of khedive – viceroy. He spent the next decades reforming Egypt's economy, through land seizures and state monopolies, and notably the introduction of cotton to the Nile Delta.

Muhammad Ali also conducted several military campaigns, capturing Hedjaz from the 内志 in Arabia, conquering 苏丹, and supporting the Ottoman Empire in the 希腊 revolution, sending both troops and ships. The Egyptian navy was sunk, and Muhammad Ali requested the eyalet of 叙利亚 from the Ottoman Empire as compensation. As the Ottoman Empire declined this request, in 1831 he prepared to capture the region by force. Following a swift campaign and a resounding defeat of the Ottoman army, 俄罗斯, France, and 大不列颠 intervened and brokered peace, granting Muhammad Ali control of Syria, Crete, and Hedjaz, but not official recognition of independence.

Technology

Egypt starts with most era 1 technologies.

Production technology	Military technology	Society technology
Prospecting Steelworking Distillation Cotton Gin	Drydocks Admiralty Army Reserves Napoleonic Warfare	Law Enforcement Currency Standards Colonization Democracy Medical Degrees Romanticism

Politics

Egypt begins as an autocratic monarchy. The Armed Forces are in government, supported by the ruler, Muhammad Ali al-'Alawi. Egypt begins with no institutions enabled.

Starting Laws
Power Structure		Economy		Human Rights
Governance Principles	Monarchy	Economic System	Agrarianism	Free Speech	Right of Assembly
Distribution of Power	Autocracy	Trade Policy	Mercantilism	Labor Rights	Serfdom
Citizenship	Racial Segregation	Taxation	Per-Capita Taxation	Children's Rights	Child Labor Allowed
Church and State	Freedom of Conscience	Colonization	No Colonial Affairs	Rights of Women	Legal Guardianship
Bureaucracy	Hereditary Bureaucrats	Policing	No Police	Welfare	No Social Security
Army Model	Professional Army	Education System	No Schools	Migration	Closed Borders
Internal Security	No Home Affairs	Health System	No Health System	Slavery	Slave Trade

Interest groups

Egypt begins with the Armed Forces in government. The Landowners, Rural Folk, and Sunni Ulema are in opposition. The Petit Bourgeoisie may be in opposition or marginalized. The Industrialists, Intelligentsia, and Trade Unions are marginalized.

Historical characters

Politicians
Name	Type	Interest Group	Ideology	Traits
Muhammad Ali al-'Alawi	Ruler	Armed Forces	Jingoist	Ambitious, Persistent, Innovative
Ibrahim al-'Alawi	Heir	Armed Forces	Jingoist	Persistent, Experienced Offensive Planner, Pillager

Generals and Admirals
Name	Type	Interest Group	Ideology	Traits	Rank	HQ Region
Ibrahim al-'Alawi	General	Armed Forces	Jingoist	Persistent, Experienced Offensive Planner, Pillager	0 Commander rank 3 Lieutenant General	Nile
Charles-Marie-Napoleon de Beaufort d'Hautpoul	General	Random	Random	Plains Commander	0 Commander rank 2 Major General	Nile
Ahmad Pasha Abu Widan	General	Armed Forces	Royalist	Basic Offensive Planner, Cruel, Experienced Colonial Administrator	0 Commander rank 2 Major General	Arabia
Soliman al-Faransawi	General	Random	Random		Commander rank 1 Brigadier General	Anatolia
Matush Bey	Admiral	Random	Random		0 Commander rank 2 Rear Admiral	Nile
Jean-Victor Besson	Admiral	Armed Forces	Moderate	Basic Naval Commander	Commander rank 1 Commodore	Ethiopia

Diplomacy

Egypt rules over 汉志 as a Tributary and has a Truce with the 土耳其 until 1840.

Egypt neighbors many smaller countries, including the Ottoman's Puppet 的黎波里, which adds an additional front to any war with the Ottoman Empire.

Egypt starts with active interests in Anatolia, Balkans, Arabia, Ethiopia and Nile, and declared interests in Congo, Niger, North Africa and Zanj.

The Ottoman Empire has claims on all of Egypt's states in Anatolia and Arabia.

Economy

Egypt starts with a substantial GDP – 12^th in the world in 1836. However, it has few industries and little resource production, relying primarily on agriculture. Egypt starts in a deficit, primarily due to a lack of taxation capacity in its capital state.

Starting Statistics
Statistic	Starting value
GDP	9.4M
Population	8.9M
Literacy	21.4%
Standard of Living	Impoverished (10.3)

States

Nile
Name	Type	Homelands	Arable Land		Resources						State Traits
Name	Type	Homelands	Size	Uses							State Traits
Lower Egypt	36px	Misri	80	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	20	—	—	2	6	—	30px +20.0% Agriculture Throughput +20 Infrastructure
Middle Egypt	36px	Misri	50	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	—	—	—	2	4	—	30px +20.0% Agriculture Throughput +20 Infrastructure
Upper Egypt	36px	Misri Bedouin Beja	40	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	—	—	—	2	13	—	30px +20.0% Agriculture Throughput +20 Infrastructure
Sinai	36px	Misri	10	30px	—	24	24	—	3	—
Matruh	36px	Misri Bedouin Amazigh	3	30px	—	—	—	—	3	—
Blue Nile	36px	Bedouin Dinka Nuer Sudanese	60	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	—	—	—	—	14	—
Egyptian Desert	36px	Misri Bedouin	5	30px	—	—	—	—	—	—	30px −20.0% Agriculture Throughput −25.0% Infrastructure −25.0% State Construction Efficiency
Dongola	36px	Bedouin Beja Sudanese	40	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	—	—	—	4	4	—	30px −20.0% Agriculture Throughput −25.0% Infrastructure −25.0% State Construction Efficiency
Kordofan	36px	Bedouin Dinka Nuba Sudanese	40	30px	—	—	—	4	—	5	30px −20.0% Agriculture Throughput −25.0% Infrastructure −25.0% State Construction Efficiency

Arabia
Name	Type	Homelands	Arable Land		Resources				State Traits
Name	Type	Homelands	Size	Uses					State Traits
Palestine	36px	Mashiriqi	30	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	—	24	5	4
Lebanon	36px	Mashiriqi	30	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	44	—	4	5
Transjordan	36px	Mashiriqi Bedouin	5	30px	—	—	2	—
Syria	36px	Mashiriqi	30	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	—	—	2	—	30px +20 Infrastructure
Aleppo	36px	Turkish Mashiriqi Kurdish	40	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	—	—	6	5	30px +20 Infrastructure

Various
Name	Type	Homelands	Region	Arable Land		Resources				State Traits
Name	Type	Homelands	Region	Size	Uses					State Traits
Crete	36px	Greek Turkish	Balkans	8	30px 30px 30px 30px	—	—	2	5
Eritrea	36px	Afar Tigray	Ethiopia	30	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	—	15	—	5
Adana	36px 36px	Armenian Turkish Kurdish	Anatolia	15	30px 30px 30px 30px 30px	44	—	4	12	30px +20 Infrastructure

Industry and resources

Industry: Egypt starts with a moderate amount of industry, notably its Arms Industry, along with a smaller number of Textile Mills, Glassworks, Paper Mills, and Shipyards. Resource production is effectively none, as Egypt begins with only a small number of Logging Camps and no mines of any type. However, it has a fairly developed agricultural sector with several cash crop plantations, notably Cotton Plantations and Tobacco Plantations.

Resources: Egypt has access to coal, sulfur, iron, and lead, though none are being exploited in 1836. It also has the ability to grow many cash crops, as every type except rubber can be grown in at least one starting state, even opium and silk.

Military

Egypt has the Professional Army law.

Egypt begins with 130 regular battalions and 24 conscript battalions available; nearly all battalions use the same set of production methods: Line Infantry, Mobile Artillery, Cavalry Scouts, Standardized Infantry, and Wound Dressing. Five regular battalions in Adana use Irregular Infantry and Cannon Artillery instead.

Egypt starts with 25 flotillas, all using the base production methods: Man O' War, Escort Frigates, Commerce Raiders, and Naval Traditions.

Strategies and guides

以下内容为诸多玩家中的一员所给出的，关于埃及的策略建议。请注意，由于游戏的动态机制，这些内容对其他玩家而言可能会以不同的方式展开。

Egypt begins in a precarious, but powerful position. It has a small amount of industry and the capability for more; a large, professional, and expensive, army; and many routes for conquest. It also is guaranteed to come to conflict with the 土耳其 over Syria and the Levant. However, with careful expansion of its industry and conquest of its neighbors, Egypt can easily become one of the Great Powers.

Economy

Egypt has a well-developed agricultural sector and the ability to grow many cash crops, exports of these cash crops can provide a much needed revenue source for further industrialization. For resources, iron, , and wood are the key goods to develop initially. Be mindful of infrastructure limits as before Railways are available, many states have almost none.

Once iron, coal, and wood production has increased, tools and steel are the next priorities. From there, industrialization can continue in the usual manner, expanding industries whose outputs are expensive or in high demand.

Enacting consumption taxes on tobacco should provide enough income to offset the starting deficit, but more steady income will be needed for the long-term.

Politics

Egypt begins with few progressive laws. Notably, it starts with Serfdom and Slave Trade. Along with Monarchy and Hereditary Bureaucrats, this gives a total +150% increase to the clout of the Landowners. And with the Intelligentsia and Industrialists starting marginalized, it's difficult to form a government which supports any meaningful change at first. Passing either colonization law is a good early move. Egypt can expand southward immediately, though slowly before Quinine is researched.

Diplomacy and military

Egypt's starting army is equal to most major powers and can contest even with some great powers. Making effective use of this army early on is key to succeeding.

Although Egypt starts with 汉志 as a Tributary their relationship is poor, allowing for an early diplomatic play to make it a Vassal. If any other Arabian minor powers side with Hedjaz, add them as vassal targets as well. The Ottoman Empire may also intervene, but this is to Egypt's advantage, as the Ottoman military is weaker than the Egyptian military early on. If the Ottomans join this or later diplomatic plays, focus on liberating nations, File:Wargoal war reparations.png war reparations, and revoking File:Wargoal revoke claim.png claims, in order to minimize 24px infamy.

Continue to File:Wargoal make vassal.png make vassals of the rest of the Arabian minors, keeping in mind that the 特鲁西尔诸国 is a Protectorate of 大不列颠, so don't make a play against them directly. Maintaining good relations with the European great powers will help keep them out of your wars with the Ottoman Empire, particularly Great Britain, 俄罗斯, and 奥地利.

After liberating 伊拉克 and 保加利亚, the Ottoman Empire should be weak enough to be easily defeated in every war and can be dismantled or annexed at your leisure.

Achievements

Muhammad Ali's Ambition

Starting as Egypt, form Arabia and own Thrace

References